Table 1 Most frequent clinical findings (≥2%) during health examination 1and 2, and their estimated effect on respective overall score(H1/H2)
From: Prevalence of clinical findings at examinations of young Swedish warmblood ridinghorses
Clinical finding (%) | Effect of finding on overall score | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Minor | Moderate or severe | ||||||||
Minor | Moderate | Severe | Total | Estimate1 | p= | Estimate1 | p= | R2(%)2 | |
Health examination 1 | |||||||||
Medical health | |||||||||
Skin, general | 13.4 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 14.0 | −0.24 | *** | −1.07 | *** | 1.60 |
Mouth general (e.g. wolf teeth) 3 | 11.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 11.4 | 0.02 | ns. | −0.15 | ns. | 0.01 |
Local skin swelling in saddle area | 7.9 | 1.5 | 0.1 | 9.5 | −0.46 | *** | −0.89 | *** | 3.56 |
Pododermatitis in pastern (mud fever) | 6.1 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 7.5 | −0.40 | *** | −1.15 | *** | 3.61 |
Parrot mouth 3 | 5.7 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 6.3 | −0.11 | ** | −0.51 | *** | 0.30 |
Lymph nodes, general | 3.6 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 4.3 | −0.66 | *** | −1.03 | *** | 1.86 |
Skin sarcoids | 3.2 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 3.5 | −0.47 | *** | −0.90 | *** | 1.36 |
Mucous membrane hyperaemia | 2.6 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 2.7 | −0.11 | * | −0.28 | ns. | 0.04 |
Dental hooks 3 | 2.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 2.4 | −0.16 | ** | −0.56 | ** | 0.14 |
Tilted vulva 4 | 2.3 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 2.4 | 0.06 | ns. | −0.39 | ns. | 0.02 |
Hollow/flaccid vulva 4 | 2.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 2.2 | −0.14 | ns. | −0.32 | ns. | 0.07 |
Overweight | 1.9 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 2.0 | −0.02 | ns. | −0.13 | ns. | 0.00 |
Hoof examination | |||||||||
Hoof wall cracks | 11.1 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 11.7 | −0.56 | *** | −0.90 | *** | 4.33 |
Hooves, general | 10.5 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 10.7 | −0.23 | *** | −0.74 | *** | 0.76 |
Asymmetrical hooves | 6.8 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 7.1 | −0.24 | *** | −1.04 | *** | 0.74 |
Small hooves | 6.3 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 6.6 | −0.07 | * | −0.04 | ns. | 0.03 |
Flat hooves | 6.2 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 6.6 | −0.47 | *** | −0.88 | *** | 1.90 |
Underrun heels | 5.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 5.4 | −0.35 | *** | −1.26 | *** | 1.32 |
Infection of the frog (thrush) | 2.9 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 3.4 | −0.39 | *** | −1.28 | *** | 0.90 |
Contracted heels | 3.3 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 3.4 | −0.68 | *** | −1.00 | *** | 2.08 |
Mediolateral imbalance | 2.9 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 3.0 | −0.38 | *** | −1.30 | *** | 0.75 |
Poor hoof wall quality | 2.6 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 2.8 | −0.79 | *** | −1.60 | *** | 2.68 |
Health examination 2 | |||||||||
Palpatory orthopaedic health | |||||||||
Effusion | |||||||||
Hindlimb digital flexor tendon sheath | 23.5 | 2.8 | 0.3 | 26.7 | −0.17 | *** | −0.88 | *** | 1.20 |
Tarsocrural joint | 13.6 | 3.7 | 0.6 | 17.9 | −0.40 | *** | −0.95 | *** | 2.39 |
Metatarsophalangeal joint | 12.1 | 3.3 | 0.5 | 15.9 | −0.47 | *** | −1.09 | *** | 2.66 |
Middle carpal/carpometacarpal joint | 8.8 | 3.9 | 0.5 | 13.2 | −0.48 | *** | −1.10 | *** | 2.81 |
Metacarpophalangeal joint | 7.3 | 2.6 | 0.2 | 10.2 | −0.60 | *** | −1.23 | *** | 2.76 |
Femoropatellar joint | 4.2 | 3.5 | 0.6 | 8.3 | −0.30 | *** | −1.17 | *** | 2.19 |
Forelimb digital flexor tendon sheath | 3.2 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 3.7 | −0.40 | *** | −1.03 | *** | 0.49 |
Forelimb distal interphalangeal joint | 3.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 3.5 | −0.42 | *** | −1.10 | *** | 0.56 |
Medial part of femorotibial joint | 1.7 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 2.3 | −0.55 | *** | −1.07 | *** | 0.56 |
Swelling | |||||||||
Metacarpus, proximal | 12.6 | 3.0 | 0.4 | 16.0 | −0.12 | ** | −0.46 | *** | 0.41 |
Metatarsus, proximal | 5.1 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 6.4 | −0.03 | ns. | −0.38 | ** | 0.10 |
Metacarpus, distal | 3.0 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 3.7 | −0.16 | * | −0.24 | ns. | 0.06 |
Metatarsus, distal | 2.5 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 3.2 | −0.15 | ns. | −0.77 | *** | 0.25 |
Metacarpophalangeal joint | 1.6 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 2.9 | −0.27 | *** | −1.06 | *** | 0.75 |
Metatarsophalangeal joint | 1.8 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 2.8 | −0.24 | * | −0.83 | *** | 0.40 |
Tarsometatarsal/centrodistal joint | 1.8 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 2.6 | −0.49 | *** | −1.57 | *** | 1.18 |
Tip of the hock | 1.9 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 2.5 | −0.41 | * | −1.01 | *** | 0.17 |
Atrophy/Stiffness | |||||||||
Croup/hamstrings muscles | 3.3 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 4.2 | −0.92 | *** | −1.69 | *** | 2.43 |
Quadriceps muscles | 1.6 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 2.1 | −0.86 | *** | −1.62 | *** | 1.21 |
Soreness | |||||||||
Back muscle/spinous processes | 2.9 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 3.5 | −0.76 | *** | −1.68 | *** | 1.63 |
Locomotion examination | |||||||||
Hindlimb post flexion test movements in trot5 | 10.2 | 2.4 | 0.5 | 13.1 | −1.73 | *** | −3.05 | *** | 11.50 |
Forelimb post flexion test movements in trot5 | 9.0 | 1.7 | 0.2 | 10.8 | −1.78 | *** | −3.10 | *** | 8.97 |
Hindlimb unprovoked movements in trot | 2.4 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 2.7 | −2.06 | *** | −3.61 | *** | 6.34 |