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Table 3 Negative scoring system: Parameters were divided into major and minor scores

From: Determination of a safe sedative combination of dexmedetomidine, ketamine and butorphanol for minor procedures in dogs by use of a stepwise optimization method

major

 

minor

 

Respiration

 

Reaction to injection of the combination

0

Normal breathing

0

No reaction

1

Nose stimulus necessary

1

Whining or slight moving

2

Several (nose) stimuli necessary

2

Loud whining +/- strong moving

3

Intubation necessary

Reaction to catheter placement

Signs of onset of sedation

0

No reaction

0

No abnormalities

1

Looking

1

Muscle twitching, stiffness,

2

Whining or moving

 

salivating

Delay of onset of sedation

2

Major disorientation, gagging,

0

Start 20 min after injection

 

loud whining

1

Five-minute delay

  

Reaction to positioning on the table

Need for propofol

0

No reaction

0

No need or 1st need after 40 min

1

Slight moving with the head

1

First need between 21–40 min

2

Moving with head and limbs

2

First need between 1–20 min

Reaction atipamezole injection

3

First need at positioning

0

No reaction

Cardiovascular

 

1

Looking, twitching, whining

0

No severe changes

2

Loud whining or moving

1

MAP < 60

Time to sternal position after atipamezole injection

1

HR < 50 (0-10 kg)

0

Within 0–10 min

1

HR < 40 (> 10 kg)

1

Within 11–20 min

2

Severe changes, drugs necessary

2

Within 21–30 min

Recovery

 

3

After 30 min

0

Uneventful

Time to standing position after atipamezole injection

1

Little whining, slight disorientation

0

Within 0–30 min

2

Loud (continuing) whining

1

Within 31–60 min

3

Major disorientation, panicking

2

Within 61–90 min

  

3

After 90 min

  1. Major scores were summarized with a factor 1 whereas minor scores were summarized with a factor 0.5