Skip to main content

Table 1 Plants said to have been used against internal parasites in the Nordic countries; their scientific names and names in English and in the Nordic languages.

From: Plants as De-Worming Agents of Livestock in the Nordic Countries: Historical Perspective, Popular Beliefs and Prospects for the Future

Plant family

Scientific name

English

Swedish

Norweigan

Danish

Finnish

Icelandic

Host

Target

Part used

Reference

Lichens

           
 

Cetraria islandica

Iceland moss

islandslav

islandslav

lav *

jäkälä

fjallagrös *

M

H

W

8, 9, 33, 36,

           

37, 41

Ferns

           

Dennstaedtiaceae

Pteridium aquilinum

bracken fern

örnbräken *

einstape *

ørnebregne *

sananjalka *

arnarburkni

M

H,C

R

9, 21, 35, 45

Dryopteridaceae

Dryopteris carthusiana

toothed wood fern

skogsbräken

broddtelg

Smalbladet mangeløv

metsäalvejuuri *

    

31

 

D. expansa

spring wood fern

nordbräken

sauetelg

Finbladet mangeløv

isoalvejuuri *

flekkaburkni

   

31

 

D. filix-mas

male fern

träjon *

ormetelg *

Almindelig mangeløv *

kivikkoalvejuuri *

stóri burkni *

M,A,S,H

H,N,C,T

R

4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 30, 31, 33, 35, 44, 45, 53, 54, 70

Polypodiaceae

Polypodium vulgare

polypody

stensöta *

sisselrot

engelsød

kallioimarre *

köldugras

M

H,C

R

45, 49

Coniferous trees

           

Pinaceae

Picea abies

spruce

gran

gran *

rødgran

kuusi *

rau∂greni

M,A

H

J

29, 55

 

Pinus sylvestris

pine

tall *

furu

skovfyr

mänty *

skógarfura

M

C

H,P,T

45, 49

Cupressaceae

Juniperus communis

juniper

en *

einer *

enebær *

kataja *

einir *

M,A,C,H

H,N,C

B,R,P

9, 14, 25, 34, 44, 45, 53

 

J. sabina

savin

sävenbom

 

sevenbom *

rohtokataja

sabínueinir

C,H,P

 

W

9

Trees, shrubs

           

Salicaceae

Populus tremula

aspen

asp

osp *

bævreasp

haapa *

ösp

M,H

H,N,C

L,P

34, 45

 

Salix spp

willow

sälg

vier

pil *

paju *

vi∂ir *

M,S,H

H,C,T

L,P

9, 33, 45

Myricaceae

Myrica gale

sweet gale

pors

pors *

porse *

suomyrtti

mja∂arlyng

M,H

H

W,L,F

9, 35

Betulaceae

Alnus glutinosa

alder

al

or

el *

tervaleppä

rau∂elri

S

T

H

9

 

Betula pendula

silver birch

vårtbjörk

hengebjørk

vorte-birk

rauduskoivu *

 

M

C

L,J,P

45

 

B. pubescens

downy birch

glasbjörk

bjørk

dun-birk *

hieskoivu *

birki *

M,S

H,C

L,J,P,C

9, 33, 37, 45, 50

Corylaceae

Corylus avellana

hazel bush

hassel

hassel

hassel *

pähkinäpensas

heslivi∂ur

H

 

L

9

Grossulariaceae

Ribes nigrum

blackcurrant

svarta vinbär

solbær

solbær

musta viinimarja *

sólberjarunni

M

C

B

45

 

R. rubrum

redcurrant

röda vinbär

hagerips

ribs *

punainen viinimarja

rifs

M

  

9

Rosaceae

Prunus padus

bird cherry

hägg

hegg

hæg

tuomi *

heggur

M

C

B,P

45

 

Pyrus communis

pear

päron

pære

pære *

päärynä

perutré

S

N

O

9

 

Sorbus aucuparia

rowan

rönn

rogn

røn

pihlaja *

reynir

M

C

P

45

Buxaceae

Buxus sempervirens

boxwood

buxbom

buksbom

buksbom *

puksipu

fagurlim

H

 

L

9

Rhamnaceae

Frangula alnus

buckthorn

brakved

trollhegg

tørst

paatsama *

porstatré

M

C

P

45, 53

Thymelaeaceae

Daphne mezereum

mezeron

tibast

tysbast *

pebertræ

näsiä *

töfratré

M

H,C

B,P

34, 35, 45, 55

Oleaceae

Fraxinus excelsior

ash tree

ask *

ask

ask

saarni *

askur

M

H,C

L,P

45, 49

Caprifoliaceae

Sambucus nigra

black elder

fläder

svarthyll

hyld *

selja *

svartyllir

M,S

C,T

B

9, 45

Herbaceous plants

           

Cannabaceae

Humulus lupulus

common hops

humle *

humle

humle *

humala *

humall

M,S

H,C,T

W,R,C

9, 45, 49

Urticaceae

Urtica dioica

stinging nettle

brännässla *

stornesle

stor nælde *

nokkonen

stórnetla

M,S

H,T

W,S

9, 23, 44, 49

 

U. urens

small nettle

etternässla

smånesle *

liden nælde

rautanokkonen

brenninetla *

M

H

W,S

41, 55

Polygonaceae

Rumex acetosa

green sorrel

ängssyra

engsyre

rødknæ *

suolaheinä *

túnsúra

M,P

H,C

L,F,R

9, 45

Chenopodiaceae

Chenopodium ambrosioides

goosefoot

citronmålla

melde

gåsefod

savikka *

    

31

 

C. bonus-henricus

good king Henry

lungrot *

stolt henrik

stolthenriks-gåsefod

hyvänheikinsavikka

hinriksnjóli

M

H,C

W

49

 

C. rubrum

red goosefoot

rödmålla *

rødmelde

rød gåsefod

punasavikka

 

M

H

W

49

Portulacaceae

Portulaca oleacea

Common purslane

portlak *

portulakk

portulak

vihannesportulakka

portúlakka

M

H

W

44

Caryophyllaceae

Agrostemma githago

corncockle

klätt

klinte

klinte *

aurankukka

akurstjarna

M

  

9

Ranunculaceae

Hepatica nobilis

hepatica

blåsippa

blåveis

anemone *

sinivuokko

blá-anemóna

M

  

9

Fumariaceae

Corydalis intermedia

corydalis

smånunneört *

lerkespore

lærkespore

hentokiurunkannus*

 

M

H,C

R

45, 49

 

Fumaria officinalis

Common fumitory

jordrök *

jordrøyk

læge-jordrøg

peltoemäkki

reykjurt

M

C

W

20

Brassicaceae

Armoracia rusticana

horseradish

pepparrot

pepperrot

peberrod *

piparjuuri

piparrót *

H

H

R

9, 41

 

Brassica spp

cabbage

kål *

kål

kål *

kaali, nauris *

kál

M

H, C

S, R

9, 44, 45

 

Cardamine hirsuta

hairy bitter-cress

ängsbräsma

rosettkarse

roset springklap

mäkilitukka

lambaklukka *

 

H

L

8, 36, 37

 

C. pratensis polemonioides

cuckooflower

polarbräsma

polarkarse

polarkarse

pohjanlitukka

hrafnaklukka *

M

H

L

33, 41

 

Descurainia sophia

flixweed

stillfrö *

hundesennep

finbladet vejsennep

liitutilli *

þefjurt

M

H,N,C

S

22, 45, 49

 

Lepidium sativum

garden cress

kryddkrasse *

matkarse

karse *

vihanneskrassi

karsi

M,S

H,T

W,S

9, 44

 

Raphanus sativus niger

garden radish

rättika *

reddik

ræddike *

retikka

radísa

C,H

H

R

9, 44

 

Sisymbrium officinale

hedge mustard

vägsenap

vegsennep

vejsennep *

rohtopernaruoho

götudesurt

M

  

9

Crassulaceae

Rhodiola rosea

roseroot

rosenrot

rosenrot *

rosenrod

ruusujuuri

burnirót

C

H

R

55

 

Sempervivum tectorum

house leek

taklök *

takløk

husløg *

mehitähti

húslaukur

M

C

W

9, 44

Rosaceae

Agrimonia eupatoria

agrimony

småborre *

åkermåne

agermåne *

maarianverijuuri

 

M

H

W

9, 44, 49

 

Fragaria vesca

Wood strawberry

smultron

markjordbær

skov jordbær *

mansikka *

villijar∂arber

M

C

B

9, 45

 

Potentilla anserina

silverweed

gåsört *

gåsemure

gåse-potentil

ketohanhikki

tágamura

M

H

W

44

 

P. erecta

tormentil

blodrot *

tepperot

tormentil *

rätvänä

bló∂mura

M,S

H,T

W,R

9, 44

 

Rubus chamaemorus

cloudberry

hjortron

molte

multebær

lakka *

múltuber

M

C

B

45

 

R. idaeus

red raspberry

hallon

bringebær

hindbær *

vadelma *

hindber

M

C

B

9, 45

 

Sanguisorba officinalis

great burnet

blodtopp *

blodtopp

læge kvæsurt

punaluppio

bló∂kollur

H

H

R

30

Fabaceae

Vicia sativa

common vetch

fodervicker

fôrvikke

vikke *

vikkeri

fó∂urflækja

H

 

W

9

Rutaceae

Ruta graveolens

common rue

vinruta

vinrute

rude *

ruutakasvi

rú∂ujurt

M

  

9

Clusiaceae

Hypericum perforatum

Perforate St.John's-wort

Äkta johannesört *

prikkperikum

Prikbladet perikon *

mäkikuisma

jónsmessurunni

M

H

F,H

9, 49, 51

 

H. maculatum

Imperforate St.John's-wort

Fyrkantig johannesört

firkant-perikum

kantet perikon

särmäkuisma *

flekkjagullrunni

M

C

 

45

Violaceae

Viola odarata

sweet violet

luktviol

marsfiol

marts-viol *

tuoksuorvokki

ilmfjóla

M

  

9

Cucurbitaceae

Cucumis sativus

cucumber

gurka

agurk

agurk

kurkku *

agúrka

M

C

S

45

 

Cucurbita pepo

pumpkin

Pumpa

gresskar

mandel-græskar *

kurpitsa *

grasker

M

N,C

S

9, 45

Apiaceae

Anethum graveolens

dill

dill

dill

dild *

tilli

dill

C

  

9

 

Angelica archangelica

angelica

kvanne

kvann

kvan

väinönputki

hvönn *

M,H

H

S,R

8, 32, 33, 36, 37, 41

 

Anthriscus cerefolium

chervil

dansk körvel *

hagekjørvel

kørvel *

maustekirveli

gar∂akerfill

M

H

W

9, 44

 

Apium graveolens

celeriac

selleri

hageselleri

selleri *

selleri

bla∂selja

M

  

9

 

Carum carvi

caraway

kummin

karve *

kommen *

kumina *

kúmen

M

H,C

W,S

9, 34, 45

 

Coriandrum sativum

coriander

koriander

koriander

koriander *

korianteri

kóriandra

M

  

9

 

Daucus carota

carrot

morot *

gulerot *

gulerod *

porkkana *

gulrót

M,P

H,C

R

9, 35, 44, 45, 49, 55

 

Foeniculum vulgare

fennel

fänkål

fennikel

fennikel *

fenkoli

fennikka

S

T

 

9

 

Levisticum officinale

lovage

libbsticka *

løpstikke

løvstikke *

liperi

tröllatrygg∂

M

H

S

9, 44

 

Petroselinum crispum

parsley

persilja

persille

persille

persilja *

steinselja

C

P

 

29

Ericaceae

Calluna vulgaris

heather

ljung *

røsslyng

lyng *

kanerva

beitilyng

S

T

 

9, 49

 

Vaccinium myrtillus

blueberry

blåbär

blåbær

blåbær

mustikka *

a∂albláberja-lyng

M

C

B

45

 

V. oxycoccos

cranberry

tranbär

tranebær

tranebær

karpalo *

 

M

C

B

45

 

V. uligunosum

bog bilberry

odon

blokkebær

mosebølle

juolukka *

bláberjalyng

M

C

B

45

 

V. vitis-idaea

lingonberry

lingon

tyttebær

tyttebær

puolukka *

rau∂berjalyng

M

C

B

45

Gentianaceae

Centaurium littorale

Seaside centaury

kustarun

tusengylden

tusingylden*

isorantasappi

köldublóm

H

  

9

 

Gentianella campestris

field gentian

fältgentiana

bakkesøte

Bredbægret ensian

ketokatkero

maríuvöndur *

H

H

R

8, 32, 33, 36, 37

Menyanthaceae

Menyanthes trifoliata

marsh trefoil

vattenklöver *

bukkeblad *

bukkeblad *

raate *

horbla∂ka *

M,S,H,P

H,C,T

W,L,R

4, 8, 9, 32, 33, 36, 37, 41, 45, 52, 55

Verbenaceae

Verbena officinalis

vervain

läkeverbena *

jernurt

jernurt

tarhaverbana

járnurt

M

H

W,F

44

Lamiaceae

Glechoma hederacea

ground-ivy

jordreva

krossknapp

korsknap *

maahumala

krosshnappur

H

 

W

9

 

Hyssopus officinalis

hyssop

isop *

isop

isop *

iisoppi

isópur

M

H,N

W

9, 44

 

Leonurus cardiaca

motherwort

hjärtstilla

løvehale

Almindelig hjertespand*

nukula

 

M

  

9

 

Melissa officinalis

lemon balm

citronmeliss

sitronmelisse

hjertensfryd*

sitruunamelissa

hjartafró

C

  

9

 

Mentha crispa

mint

krusmynta *

kattemynte

mynte *

minttu

 

M

N

W

9, 44

 

Nepeta cataria

catnip

kattmynta *

lækjekatte-mynte

katteurt *

aitokissanminttu

kattarmynta

M

H

W

9, 44

 

Origanum vulgare

wild majoram

kungsmynta

bergmynte

Almindelig merian *

mäkimeirami

kjarrmynta

M

  

9

 

Salvia spp

sage

salvia

salvie

salvie *

salvia

salvía

S

T

W

9

 

Thymus serpyllum

wild thyme

backtimjan *

kryptimian

Smalbladet timian

kangasajuruoho

bló∂berg

M

H

W

38

 

T. vulgaris

garden thyme

trädgårds-timjan *

kryddertimian

havetimian

timjami *

gar∂abló∂berg

M

H,C

W

38, 45

Solanaceae

Hyoscyomus niger

henbane

bolmört

bulmeurt

bulmeurt *

hullukaali

skollarót

H

 

S

9

 

Nicotiana rustica

small tobacco

tobak

tobakk

tobak *

tupakka

bónda-tóbaksjurt

S

T

R

9

 

Solanum dulcamara

Woody nightshade

besksöta

slyngsøtvier

Bittersød natskygge *

punakoiso

eiturflækja

M

  

9

 

S. nigrum

Black nightshade

nattskatta

svart søtvier

Sort natskygge *

mustakoiso

húmjurt

H

 

L,B

9

 

S. tuberosum

potato

potatis

potet

kartoffel

peruna *

kartafla

M

C

R

45

Scrophulariaceae

Rhinanthus spp

yellow rattle

skallra

kall

skjaller *

laukku

lokasjó∂ur

M

  

9

 

Veronica anagallis-aquatica

blue water speedwell

vattenveronika

vassveronika

Lancetbladet ærenpris

konnantädyke

laugadepla *

M

H

W

8, 36, 37

 

V. chamaedrys

Germander speedwell

teveronika *

tveskjegg-veronica

Tveskægget ærenpris

nurmitädyke

völudepla

M

H

W

44

Planataginaceae

Plantago lanceolata

English plantain

svartkämpar

smalkjempe *

lancet-vejbred

heinäratamo

selgresi *

M

H

L,R

8, 33, 35, 36, 41

 

P. major

great plantain

groblad

groblad *

vejbred *

piharatamo

græ∂isúra *

M

H

W,L,R

9, 35, 37, 41, 55

 

P. maritima

sea plantain

gulkämpar

strandkjempe

strand-vejbred

meriratamo

kattartunga *

M

H

L,R

8, 36

Valerianaceae

Valeriana officinalis

valerian

vänderot *

lege-vendelrot

lægebaldrian*

rohtovirmajuuri

gar∂abrú∂a

M,H

H

W,R

4, 9, 44, 49

Asteraceae

Achillea millefolium

yarrow

rölleka *

ryllik *

røllike *

siankärsämö

vallhumall

M

H

W,L,F

9, 34, 35, 38

 

Artemisia abrothanum

southernwood

Ã¥brodd *

abrodd

ambra

aaprottimaruna

 

M

N

W

44

 

A. absinthium

wormwood

malört *

ekte malurt *

malurt *

mali *

 

M,C,S,H

H,C

W,L,S

5, 9, 25, 34, 44, 45, 49, 53, 55, 58

 

A. vulgaris

mugwort

gråbo *

burot

gråbynke *

pujo

 

M

H

W

9, 38, 49, 58

 

Cnicus benedictus

blessed thistle

kardbenedikt *

kardobenedikt*

korbendikt *

karvasohdake

 

M

H

W,L

9, 35, 44, 55

 

Helianthus annus

sunflower

solros

solsikke

solsikke

auringonkukka *

sólfifill

M

C

S

45

 

Inula helenium

elecampane

Ã¥landsrot

alantrot *

lægealant *

isohirvenjuuri

hálsurt

M

H

R

9, 55

 

Matricaria maritima

sea mayweed

kustbaldersbrå

strand-balderbrå

kamille *

merisaunio

baldursbrá *

M

H

L,F

8, 9, 33, 36, 37, 41

 

Senecio vulgaris

Common groundsel

korsört *

Ã¥kersvineblom

Almindelig brandbæger*

peltovillakko *

krossfífill

M,C

C

L

9, 22, 45

 

Silybum marianum

milk thistle

mariatistel

mariatistel

marietidsel *

maarianohdake *

maríupistill

H

 

S

9, 53

 

Tanacetum balsamita

alecost

balsamblad

balsam *

okseøje

palsamipäivän-kakkara

 

M

H

W

35

 

T. parthenium

feverfew

mattram *

matrem

matrem

reunuspäivinkakkara

 

M

H

S

44

 

T. vulgare

common tansy

renfana *

reinfann *

rejnfan *

pietaryrtti *

regnfang

M,A,S,H

H,N,C,T

W,L,F,S

1, 4, 9, 10, 19, 30, 34, 35, 44, 45, 49, 53, 55, 58, 70

Liliaceae

Allium cepa

onion

rödlök *

rødløk *

rödløg *

punasipuli

rau∂laukur

M

H

W

9, 35, 44, 55

 

A. porrum

leek

purjolök

purreløk *

purløg

purjo

bla∂laukur

M

H

W

34

 

A. sativum

garlic

vitlök *

hvitløk *

hvidløg *

valkosipuli *

hvítlaukur

M,A

W,N,C

W

4, 9, 35, 44, 45, 55, 70

 

A. ursinum

ramson

ramslök

ramsløk *

rams-løg

karhunlaukka

bjarnarlaukur

M

H

W

34

 

Asparagus officinalis

asparagus

sparris

asparges

asparges *

ruokaparsa

 

M

  

9

 

Iris pseudocorus

iris

svärdslilja *

sverdlilje

gul sværdlilje*

keltakurjenmiekka

gula sver∂lilja

C,P

H

R

9, 30

Araceae

Acorus calamus

sweetflag

kalmus

kalmusrot

kalmus

kalmojuuri *

kalmusrót

M

C

R

45

Grasses

           

Poaceae

Elytrigia repens

couch grass

kvickrot *

kveke

Almindelig kvikgræs *

juolavehnä

húsapuntur

M

H

W,R

9, 18

 

Hordeum vulgare

barley

korn

bygg

byg *

ohra

bygg

M

  

9

 

Secale cereale

rye

råg

rug

rug *

ruis

rúgur

M

  

9

  1. Host (if specified): M = human, A = animal, C = cattle, S = sheep, H = horse, P = pig.
  2. Target (if specified): H = helminths, N = nematodes, C = cestodes, T = trematodes, P = protozoa.
  3. Part used (if specified): W = whole plant, L = leaves, F = flowers, S = seeds, B = berries, H = shoots or buds, R = root or tuber, J = sap, P = phloem or bark, O = wood, C = charcoal or ashes, T = tar.
  4. * Indicates that the plant is mentioned in literature from that Nordic country.
  5. Note: Plants included in this table are based on generally historical reports. This does not imply endorsement by the authors in either their effectiveness against parasites, or safety for human and/or animal use.