A Serological Survey of Ruminant Livestock in Kazakhstan During Post-Soviet Transitions in Farming and Disease Control

Table 1 Prevalence of antibodies to Brucella and the viruses under study, shown by species.

Species	N	FMDV	Brucella	BTV	EHDV	PPRV	RPV
Cattle	279¹	29.0 (81)²	5.4 (15)	25.4 (71)	2.9 (8)	2.2 (6)	0
Sheep	542	13.8 (75)	1.3 (7)	21.4 (116)	0.4 (2)	0.6 (3)	0
Goats	137	5.8 (8)	0.7 (1)	25.5 (35)	0	0.7 (1)	0
Overall	958	17.1 (164)	2.4 (23)	23.2 (222)	1.0 (10)	1.0 (10)	0
Cattle/SS³		***	***	NS	**	*	-
Sheep/goat³		*	-	NS	-	-	-

¹Sample size, ² % prevalence (number) e.g. 279 cattle were sampled, of which 81, or 29%, were seropositive to FMDV. ³Significance of differences in prevalence between cattle and small livestock (sheep and goats) is shown (cattle/SS) as well as between sheep and goats. Chi-squared tests were carried out for all but EHDV and PPRV, for which Fisher exact tests were used due to small sample sizes. *** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05; NS p > 0.05.

ISSN: 1751-0147