Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Verocytotoxic Escherichia coli, and Antibiotic Resistance in Indicator Organisms in Wild Cervids

Table 2 Antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus spp. isolated from faecal samples from wild cervids (n = 19):E. faecium (n = 4); moose (n = 1) and red deer (n = 3), and E. faecalis (n = 15); moose (n = 2), red deer (n = 5) and roe deer (n = 8). The figures give the percentage distribution of isolates to the actual minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Bold vertical lines denote breakpoints for resistance. White fields denote the range of dilutions tested for. MIC-values higher than the highest concentration tested for are given as the lowest MIC-value above the range. MIC-values equal to or lower than the lowest concentration are given as the lowest tested concentration.

Antimicrobial Substance	Bacterial species	Resistant strains, %	Distribution of Enterococcus isolates (%) to different MIC-values (mg/L)
			0.125	0.25	0.5	1	2	4	8	16	32	64	128	256	512	1024	≥ 2048
Ampicillin	E. faecium	0		25	25		50
	E. faecalis	0			6,7	80	13,3
Avilamycin	E. faecium	0					50	50
	E. faecalis	0				26,7	40	33,3
Bacitracin	E. faecium	25									75	25
	E. faecalis	0								46,7	53,3
Chloramphenicol	E. faecium	0						25	75
	E. faecalis	0						13,3	80	6,7
Erythromycin	E. faecium	0			50	25		25
	E. faecalis	6,7			6,7	6,7	13,3	66,7				6,7¹
Flavomycin	E. faecium	100												100
	E. faecalis	0					20	40	20	13,3	6,7
Gentamicin	E. faecium	0						75	25			NT²	NT	NT
	E. faecalis	0								53,3	40	NT	NT	NT	6,7
Neomycin	E. faecium	0						25	50	25				NT	NT
	E. faecalis	0									6,7	66,7	20	NT	NT	6,7
Narasin	E. faecium	0		25		75
	E. faecalis	0	6,7	20	73,3
Oxytetracycline	E. faecium	25				75						25
	E. faecalis	6,7				46,7	46,7						6,7
Streptomycin	E. faecium	0									75	25		NT	NT
	E. faecalis	6,7										6,7	66,7	NT	NT	20	6,7
Vancomycin	E. faecium	0				50	25		25
	E. faecalis	0				6,7	80	13,3
Virginiamycin	E. faecium	0			50	25	25
	E. faecalis	100								53,3	46,7

¹ Enterococcus-strains with MIC > 4 using VetMIC-plates (National Veterinary Institute, Sweden) was retested using Etest strips (Biodisk, Solna, Sweden)
² NT – Not Tested

ISSN: 1751-0147