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Table 1 Effect of increasing dietary content of bacterial protein meal and age on selected plasma parameters in growing pigs.

From: Blood parameters in growing pigs fed increasing levels of bacterial protein meal

  

Diet

Period

 

P-values

 

n #

P1

P2

P3

P4

1

2

3

4

RMSE

Diet (D)

Period (P)

Total protein [g/dl]

63

5.2

5.4

5.0

5.1

4.7C

5.0B

5.2B

5.8A

0.47

0.18

<0.001

Albumin [g/dl]

63

3.6

3.7

3.5

3.4

3.0B

2.9B

3.9A

4.4A

0.31

0.07

<0.001

Urea [mg/dl]

63

11.0

11.1

10.9

11.1

12.7A

9.8B

9.6B

12.0A

2.41

1.0

0.001

Ammonia [μmol/l]

63

285.0

288.3

252.6

274.6

300.5A

295.7A

277.1AB

227.2B

75.61

0.5

0.04

Alanine aminotransferase [U/l]

59§

60.6

61.7

66.6

64.9

42.2B

75.8A

69.0A

66.7A

15.59

0.70

<0.001

Aspartate aminotransferase [U/l]

61

40.2

32.0

34.0

37.5

38.5AB

44.1A

31.2B

29.9B

13.87

0.41

0.03

Glucose [mg/dl]

63

103.3

106.8

113.6

111.6

95.0B

111.8A

117.7A

110.7A

11.46

0.07

<0.001

Creatine kinase [U/l]

50|

1027

930

749

721

413C

771B

1032AB

1211A

387

0.25

<0.001

Cholesterol [mg/dl]

62*

92.2

92.9

97.8

100.3

71.6B

100.5A

102.0A

109.0A

15.33

0.41

<0.001

HDLC [mg/dl]

59&

35.7

38.9

37.2

41.0

29.4C

41.8A

35.9B

45.8A

7.19

0.25

<0.001

LDL [mg/dl]

59&

49.5

50.6

53.7

52.0

37.7B

51.0A

60.2A

56.8A

12.20

0.81

<0.001

VLDL [mg/dl]

63

7.0

7.6

7.5

7.5

7.5

7.9

7.4

6.8

1.30

0.66

0.11

Cholesterol/HDL

59&

2.7

2.6

2.7

2.5

2.7AB

2.4B

2.9A

2.4B

0.44

0.64

0.02

Triglycerides [mg/dl]

63

35.7

37.8

37.0

37.6

37.7

39.4

36.8

34.2

6.56

0.82

0.18

Creatinine [μmol/l]

62*

82.3

85.1

85.6

87.5

84.4B

73.5C

70.4C

112.0A

9.47

0.50

<0.001

Uric acid [μmol/l]

61

62.0ab

65.8a

65.2a

55.3b

57.5B

52.2B

68.1A

70.4A

9.49

0.01

<0.001

Xanthine [μmol/l]

61

9.5

11.1

9.6

9.3

3.5B

5.3B

10.7A

20.0A

5.79

0.83

<0.001

Hypoxanthine [μmol/l]

62*

15.2

16.8

19.4

16.8

22.8A

25.5A

15.3B

4.5B

9.66

0.68

<0.001

  1. # One of the pigs was sick during one of the balance periods, so data from this pig were omitted from all datasets.
  2. § All data for one pig were omitted because of higher ALT levels in all periods; the pig was fed P4.
  3. Two values were characterized as outliers of the dataset and omitted.
  4. | Six samples could not be analysed and seven values were characterized as outliers of the dataset and omitted.
  5. * One value was characterized as an outlier of the dataset and omitted.
  6. &Four values were characterized as outliers of the dataset and omitted.
  7. The P-values for the interaction between diet and period and the fixed effect of block were non-significant, except for urea (P = 0.04 interaction effect between diet and period), uric acid (P = 0.01, block effect), and hypoxanthine (P = 0.01, block effect).
  8. Diet P1 was the control diet containing no BPM. On diets P2, P3, and P4 approximately 17%, 35%, and 50% of the nitrogen was derived from BPM, respectively. The pigs weighed approximately 10 kg, 21 kg, 45 kg, and 77 kg in periods 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively.
  9. a, b Values with different superscripts differ significantly, effect of diet (P < 0.05).
  10. A, B, C Values with different superscripts differ significantly, effect of period (P < 0.05).