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Table 3 Number of cows (and per cent) in herds A-E outside suggested reference ranges out of those sampled within the time frames

From: Metabolic profiles in five high-producing Swedish dairy herds with a history of abomasal displacement and ketosis

 

Herd

 

A (%)

B (%)

C (%)

D (%)

E (%)

NEFA ≥0.4 mmol/La day 14 to 2 apb

11/13

(85)

0/14

(0)

6/11

(55)

0/8

(0)

1/13

(8)

NEFA ≥0.7 mmol/L day 10 to 20 ppc

7/10

(70)

0/13

(0)

3/6

(50)

1/4

(25)

6/18

(33)

BHB ≥1.4 mmol/L day 5–50 ppd

7/46

(15)

7/50

(14)

4/38

(11)

7/21

(33)

5/55

(9)

BCSe ≥3.5 ap

18/18

(100)

18/21

(86)

13/13

(100)

10/11

(91)

13/20

(65)

BCS lossf >1

6/16

(38)

6/17

(35)

3/12

(25)

1/8

(13)

5/17

(29)

Cholesterol <2.0 mmol/Lg day 2–21 pp

7/23

(30)

1/20

(5)

1/13

(8)

0/11

(0)

0/26

(0)

GD >0.25 μkat/Lh day 2–21 pp

4/23

(17)

3/20

(15)

1/13

(8)

2/11

(18)

2/26

(8)

Haptoglobin >0.5 g/Li day 2–21 pp

10/23

(44)

2/20

(10)

5/13

(39)

3/11

(27)

5/26

(19)

  1. non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), body condition score (BCS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GD), antepartum (ap), postpartum (pp)
  2. aReference range according to Whitaker [11]
  3. bTimespan according to Oetzel [12]
  4. cReference range and timespan according to Whitaker [11]
  5. dReference range and timespan according to Oetzel [12]
  6. eEdmonson et al. [30]
  7. fBCS loss defined as difference in BCS 4 weeks to 1 day ap to BCS at 4–6 weeks pp.
  8. gHoltenius et al. [24] and van den Top et al. [22]
  9. hReference according to Clinical Pathology Laboratory, University Animal Hospital, SLU, Uppsala [Personal communication B. Jones]
  10. iReference value chosen to allow for increase in haptoglobin associated with calving.
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Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica

ISSN: 1751-0147