From: Causes of mortality in laying hens in different housing systems in 2001 to 2004
Housing of the birds (no. of flocks) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Diagnosis | No. of hens | Cages 1 | Litter-based systems 2 | Free range 3 |
Visceral gout | 29 | 1 | 10 | 1 |
Unknown cause of death | 23 | 6 | 17 | 0 |
Dehydration and cachexia | 17 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
Trauma | 16 | 2 | 12 | 2 |
Hepatic lipidosis and liver rupture | 11 | 3 | 2 | 0 |
Circulatory disturbances4 | 16 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
Anaemia and haemorrhages, suspected intoxication | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Osteoporosis | 10 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
Egg bound | 7 | 3 | 4 | 0 |
Hepatitis | 5 | 0 | 4 | 1 |
Obstipation (straw) | 5 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Miscellaneous neoplasms5 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 |
Other causes of death6 | 19 | 2 | 17 | 0 |