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Table 1 Results of bacteriological culture for vancomycin resistant enterococci of environmental samples.

From: Environmental contamination by vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) in Swedish broiler production

  

Farm A

Farm B

Farm C

  

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

 

Floor

+ (1.7)

+ (1.8)#

+ (2.3)

+ (1.0)

-

-

+*

-

-

-

-

-

Before arrival

Air inlet

+ (1.4)

+ (1.3)#

+ (3.3)

+ (1.7)

-

+ (0.9)

+ (0.3)

+

-

+*

-

+

of birds

Air outlet

+ (1.5)

+ (0.8)

+ (1.4)

+ (2.1)

+ (1.3)*

+ (0.5)

+ (1.4)

+ (0.5)

-

-

-

-

(S1)

Feed line

+ (2.1)

+ (1.9)

+ (3.0)*

+ (3.5)

-

+ (1.3)

+ (0.0)

+ (0.7)*

+ (1.6)*

+ (0.6)

-

+ (0.5)*

 

Water line

+ (1.3)*

+ (2.3)

+ (2.0)

+ (1.6)#

+ (1.1)

+*

+

-

-

-

-

-

6-8 days after

Floor

-

+

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

arrival of birds

Air inlet

+ (3.3)#

+ (3.2)*

+ (3.9)#

+ (3.1)

+ (1.7)

+ (1.4)

+*

+

-

+ (0.0)#

-

-

(S2)

Air outlet

+ (2.8)

+ (3.0)

+ (3.2)

+ (2.9)*

+ (1.3)*

+ (0.6)*

+ (1.9)

+ (0.6)*

+ (0.0)*

+#

-

-

13-15 days after

Floor

+ (3.3)*

+ (3.7)*

-

+ (4.2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

arrival of birds

Air inlet

+ (4.1)

-

-

+ (4.2)#

+ (2.6)#

+ (0.5)#

-

-

-

+ (0.6)*

-

-

(S3)

Air outlet

+ (4.1)

+ (4.2)

+ (4.2)*

+ (4.2)

+ (2.3)

-

+ (0.7)*

+ (0.6)*

+ (0.8)#

-

-

-

20-22 days after

Floor

+ (3.9)

+ (4.0)

+ (4.5)

+ (4.1)

-

-

+ (2.0)

+ (0.9)*

+ (2.2)*

+ (1.3)

-

-

arrival of birds

Air inlet

+ (4.1)#

+ (4.0)*

+ (4.3)

+ (4.2)

+ (2.4)*

+ (0.3)

+ (0.3)

+ (0.6)

+ (0.5)

+ (0.3)

-

-

(S4)

Air outlet

+ (3.8)

+ (4.1)

+ (4.1)#

+ (4.0)*

+ (2.6)

+ (2.9)*

+ (0.9)*

+ (1.5)

+ (0.8)

+ (0.8)*

-

-

2-4 days

Floor

+ (4.6)

+ (4.7)*

+ (4.9)

+ (4.6)#

+ (3.1)*

+ (3.0)*

+ (0.6)

+ (3.1)#

+ (2.6)

+ (2.1)#

-

+*

before slaughter

Air inlet

+ (4.5)

+ (4.6)

+ (4.6)#

+ (4.3)

-

-

+ (0.5)

-

+ (2.9)*

+ (0.0)

+ (0.6)#

+ (1.1)

(S5)

Air outlet

+ (4.6)*

+ (4.5)

+ (4.5)

+ (4.3)

-

+ (3.5)

+ (0.9)*

+ (3.4)

-

-

-

-

After loading for

Air inlet

+ (4.6)

+ (4.6)*

+ (4.6)

+ (4.4)

-

-

+ (0.9)

+ (0.8)#

+*

+ (2.5)

-

+ (0.0)*

slaughter (S6)

Air outlet

+ (4.5)*

+ (4.5)

+ (4.3)*

+ (4.4)*

+ (0.3)*

-

+ (0.9)*

+ (1.9)

+ (0.0)

+ (3.5)*

-

-

 

Floor

+ (3.6)

+ (2.8)#

+ (3.7)

+ (3.5)

-

-

+#

-

+ (0.5)

+ (0.9)

+ (1.1)*

+ (1.1)

Before arrival

Air inlet

+ (3.5)*

+ (3.2)#

+ (3.8)

+ (2.9)

ns

+ (1.3)#

-

+*

-

-

+ (0.5)

-

of new birds

Air outlet

+ (3.6)

+ (3.1)

+ (3.9)

+ (3.9)

ns

+ (0.0)

+

+ (0.0)

-

+ (1.6)

-

+ (0.3)*

(S7)

Feed line

+ (3.1)

+ (2.9)

+ (2.9)*

+ (2.8)#

ns

+ (1.5)

-

+ (2.1)

+ (1.7)*

+ (1.2)

-

-

 

Water line

+ (2.6)

+ (2.3)

+ (3.1)

+ (1.9)

ns

+ (1.2)

-

-

+

+ (1.2)*

-

-

  1. + = positive sample, - = negative sample, ns = sample not taken. Numbers in brackets indicate the amount of VRE (log number of colony forming units/plate, adjusted for dilution) in samples positive on direct plating.
  2. * = isolates identified to species, # = isolates identified to species and analysed with MLST.