From: Environmental contamination by vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) in Swedish broiler production
Farm A | Farm B | Farm C | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||||
Floor | + (1.7) | + (1.8)# | + (2.3) | + (1.0) | - | - | +* | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Before arrival | Air inlet | + (1.4) | + (1.3)# | + (3.3) | + (1.7) | - | + (0.9) | + (0.3) | + | - | +* | - | + | ||
of birds | Air outlet | + (1.5) | + (0.8) | + (1.4) | + (2.1) | + (1.3)* | + (0.5) | + (1.4) | + (0.5) | - | - | - | - | ||
(S1) | Feed line | + (2.1) | + (1.9) | + (3.0)* | + (3.5) | - | + (1.3) | + (0.0) | + (0.7)* | + (1.6)* | + (0.6) | - | + (0.5)* | ||
Water line | + (1.3)* | + (2.3) | + (2.0) | + (1.6)# | + (1.1) | +* | + | - | - | - | - | - | |||
6-8 days after | Floor | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
arrival of birds | Air inlet | + (3.3)# | + (3.2)* | + (3.9)# | + (3.1) | + (1.7) | + (1.4) | +* | + | - | + (0.0)# | - | - | ||
(S2) | Air outlet | + (2.8) | + (3.0) | + (3.2) | + (2.9)* | + (1.3)* | + (0.6)* | + (1.9) | + (0.6)* | + (0.0)* | +# | - | - | ||
13-15 days after | Floor | + (3.3)* | + (3.7)* | - | + (4.2) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
arrival of birds | Air inlet | + (4.1) | - | - | + (4.2)# | + (2.6)# | + (0.5)# | - | - | - | + (0.6)* | - | - | ||
(S3) | Air outlet | + (4.1) | + (4.2) | + (4.2)* | + (4.2) | + (2.3) | - | + (0.7)* | + (0.6)* | + (0.8)# | - | - | - | ||
20-22 days after | Floor | + (3.9) | + (4.0) | + (4.5) | + (4.1) | - | - | + (2.0) | + (0.9)* | + (2.2)* | + (1.3) | - | - | ||
arrival of birds | Air inlet | + (4.1)# | + (4.0)* | + (4.3) | + (4.2) | + (2.4)* | + (0.3) | + (0.3) | + (0.6) | + (0.5) | + (0.3) | - | - | ||
(S4) | Air outlet | + (3.8) | + (4.1) | + (4.1)# | + (4.0)* | + (2.6) | + (2.9)* | + (0.9)* | + (1.5) | + (0.8) | + (0.8)* | - | - | ||
2-4 days | Floor | + (4.6) | + (4.7)* | + (4.9) | + (4.6)# | + (3.1)* | + (3.0)* | + (0.6) | + (3.1)# | + (2.6) | + (2.1)# | - | +* | ||
before slaughter | Air inlet | + (4.5) | + (4.6) | + (4.6)# | + (4.3) | - | - | + (0.5) | - | + (2.9)* | + (0.0) | + (0.6)# | + (1.1) | ||
(S5) | Air outlet | + (4.6)* | + (4.5) | + (4.5) | + (4.3) | - | + (3.5) | + (0.9)* | + (3.4) | - | - | - | - | ||
After loading for | Air inlet | + (4.6) | + (4.6)* | + (4.6) | + (4.4) | - | - | + (0.9) | + (0.8)# | +* | + (2.5) | - | + (0.0)* | ||
slaughter (S6) | Air outlet | + (4.5)* | + (4.5) | + (4.3)* | + (4.4)* | + (0.3)* | - | + (0.9)* | + (1.9) | + (0.0) | + (3.5)* | - | - | ||
Floor | + (3.6) | + (2.8)# | + (3.7) | + (3.5) | - | - | +# | - | + (0.5) | + (0.9) | + (1.1)* | + (1.1) | |||
Before arrival | Air inlet | + (3.5)* | + (3.2)# | + (3.8) | + (2.9) | ns | + (1.3)# | - | +* | - | - | + (0.5) | - | ||
of new birds | Air outlet | + (3.6) | + (3.1) | + (3.9) | + (3.9) | ns | + (0.0) | + | + (0.0) | - | + (1.6) | - | + (0.3)* | ||
(S7) | Feed line | + (3.1) | + (2.9) | + (2.9)* | + (2.8)# | ns | + (1.5) | - | + (2.1) | + (1.7)* | + (1.2) | - | - | ||
Water line | + (2.6) | + (2.3) | + (3.1) | + (1.9) | ns | + (1.2) | - | - | + | + (1.2)* | - | - |