Table 1 Obtained values (mean and standard deviation (SD)) and the corresponding determined reference values (mean ± 2 × SD) for electrocardiographic parameters in European brown hares (N = 30) anesthetized with xylazine and ketamine in the parasternal projection in short axis.
Parameter | Reference value | Mean and SD |
|---|---|---|
Heart rate (beats/min) | 100–178 | 140 ± 37.5 |
P wave time (ms) | 16–36 | 26 ± 5 |
P-wave amplitude (mV) | 0.14–0.42 | 0.275 ± 0.07 |
PQ interval time (ms) | 80 | 80 |
QRS complex time (ms) | 22–36 | 29 ± 3.5 |
Q-wave amplitude (mV) | Up to (-)3.2 | (-)2.4 ± 0.4 |
R-wave amplitude (mV) | Up to 5 | 1.925 ± 1.55 |
S-wave amplitude (mV) | Up to (-)0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.05 |
QT interval time (ms) | 100–160 | 126 ± 10.5 |
ST interval time (ms) | 80–120 | 97.5 ± 7 |
T-wave amplitude (mV) | Up to (-) 1.4 | (-) 0.6 ± 0.4 |
Mean electrical axis (0) | 15–210 | 97.5 ± 113 |