Figure 3

Mandels h-statistic plots, illustrating inter-laboratory variability in analytical results for plasma creatinine for each of 10 European laboratories (1-10). Every bar represents the h-value of one sample that has been analyzed 3 times in different batches. A high h-value indicates a high inter-laboratory variance. The short horizontal lines indicate the distance, in standard deviations, of the upper reference limit of the individual laboratory from the mean of all laboratories' upper reference limit. The horizontal line defines the 1% α-significance level. A: 10 healthy dogs, B: 10 dogs with expected intermediate values and C: 10 azotemic dogs.