Authors | Cases | Country | Breed predisposition | Study design | Comparison |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. (Lingeman et al. [9]) | 61 | USA | No breed predisposition | Case series | |
2. (Sautter et al. [6]) | 14 | USA | No breed predisposition | Case series | |
3. (Patnaik et al. [2]) | 26 | USA | No breed predisposition | Case series | |
4. (Sullivan et al. [3]) | 31 | United Kingdom | 7/31 Rough collie and 3/31 Staffordshire bull terrier | Case control | Comparison with breeds of the hospital accessions |
5. (Fonda et al. [8]) | 15 | Italy | Suggested genetic mechanism in 8 Belgian shepherd dogs (7 Groenendael and 1 Tervuren) | Case series | Pedigree examined in 8 cases |
6. (Scanziani et al. [7]) | 11 | Italy | High incidence in Belgian shepherd dogs (Groenendael) | Case series | |
7. (Penninck et al. [12]) | 16 | USA | 4/16 cases chow-chow (RR 46.2) | Case control | Relative prevalence determined against hospital population |
8. (Swann and Holt. [5]) | 19 | USA | No breed predisposition | Case series | |
9. (Bilek and Hirt. [11]) | 19 | Austria | 3/19 chow-chow (OR 23.5) | Case control | Comparison with numbers from the Austrian Kennel Club |
10. (Qvigstad et al. [21]) | 4 | Norway | Norwegian Lundehund | Case series | |
11. (Lubbes et al. [10]) | 92 | The Netherlands | Incidence: 1,18% among Tervuren | Retrospective cohort |