A retrospective study of clinical signs and epidemiology of chronic valve disease in a group of 207 Dachshunds in Poland

Table 4 Selected results of echocardiography and radiography depending on severity of heart disease according to the ISACHC classification scheme in Dachshunds submitted to cardiology services at the Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences between November 2001 and October 2011

Parameter	Class 1	Class 2	Class 3
LVDd, mm (mean ± SD)	2.98 ± 0.63^a (n=57)	3.78 ± 0.76^b (n= 75)	4.25 ± 0.53^c (n=32)
LVDs, mm (mean ± SD)	1.68 ± 0.47^a (n=57)	1.93 ± 0.44^b (n= 75)	2.12 ± 0.49^b (n=32)
LA/Ao	1.49 ± 0.24^a (n=58)	1.93 ± 0.44^b (n= 76)	2.51 ± 0.41^c (n=31)
LA, cm (mean ± SD)	2.38 ± 0.52^a	3.15 ± 0.66^b	3.85 ±0.70^c
FS (%) (mean ± SD)	44.92 ± 8.49^a	48.54 ± 7.08^b	50.21 ± 7.55^b
Left atrium enlargement on radiography (% of patients)	21.2 (n=33)	76.6 (n=47)	100.0 (n = 20)
Left ventricular enlargement on radiography (% of patients)	15.1 (n=33)	59.5 (n=47)	90.0 (n = 20)

LVDd left ventricular diameter diastole, LVDs left ventricular diameter systole, LA/Ao left atrial to aortic ratio, LA left atrium, FS fraction shortening. ^abc Values in each row marked with different character are statistically different with p<0.05.

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