Table 2 Categorised diagnosis, surgical findings, procedures and complications of the operated horses
Diagnosis category (n = 236) | Total | % |
|---|---|---|
Small intestine | ||
Strangulating displacement | 52 | 22.0 |
Simple obstruction | 8 | 3.4 |
Large intestine | ||
Non-strangulating displacement and obstruction | 55 | 23.3 |
Non-strangulating displacement | 33 | 14.0 |
Strangulating displacement and obstruction | 27 | 11.4 |
Simple obstruction | 26 | 11.0 |
Strangulating displacement | 21 | 8.9 |
Other | ||
Anterior enteritis | 5 | 2.1 |
Gastric/bowel perforation with no other findings | 5 | 2.1 |
Primary gas accumulation | 4 | 1.7 |
Surgical findingsa (n = 236) | Small intestine | Caecum | Colon | Small colon | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Displacement of large intestine | – | – | 136 | – | 136 (57.6%) |
Right dorsal displacement | – | – | 49 | – | 49 |
Other displacement | 36 | 36 | |||
Flexion, large intestine | – | – | 27 | – | 27 |
Left dorsal displacement | – | – | 24 | – | 24 |
Intestinal herniation | 32 | – | – | – | 32 (13.6%) |
Foramen epiploicum | 13 | – | – | – | 13 |
Inguinal | 10 | – | – | – | 10 |
Other | 9 | – | – | – | 9 |
Sand accumulations | – | – | 28 | – | 28 (11.9%) |
Mesenterial anomaly | 17 | – | 1 | – | 18 (7.6%) |
Ruptured bowel | – | – | 11 | – | 11 (4.7%) |
Lipoma | 10 | – | – | – | 10 (4.2%) |
Foreign objects | – | – | – | 3 | 3 (1.3%) |
Adhesions | 1 | – | 1 | – | 2 (0.8%) |
Roundworm | 1 | – | – | – | 1 (0.4%) |
Surgical proceduresa (n = 236) | Small intestine | Caecum | Colon | Small colon | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Enterotomy | 2 | – | 117 | – | 119 (50.4%) |
Gas removalb | NI | NI | NI | NI | 95 (40.3%) |
Resection | 17 | – | 1 | – | 18 (7.6%) |
Postsurgical complications | Total | % |
|---|---|---|
Short-term (n = 195) | ||
Reflux/ileus | 53 | 27.2 |
Peritonitis | 14 | 7.2 |
Re-laparotomyc | 11 | 5.6 |
Incisional dehiscence | 4 | 2.1 |
Laminitis | 3 | 1.5 |
Cardiac failure | 2 | 1.0 |
Liver failure and coagulopathy | 1 | 0.5 |
Long-term: (n = 135) | ||
Colic episodes in 8y10mo | 52 | 38.5 |
Colic in the first year postop | 27 | 20.0 |
Only one colic episode | 21 | 15.6 |
Re-laparotomy due to colic | 3 | 2.2 |
Colic episodes/horse year | 0.18 | |
Surgical site infection SSI | 39 | 28.9 |
Incisional hernia | 15 | 11.1 |