Table 2 Descriptive statistics of the study herds (n = 355)
Variable | Replies (n)1 | Control (%) | Few cases of IP (%) | Outbreak of IP (%) | Total (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study herds (n) | 355 | 259 (73.0%) | 32 (9.0%) | 64 (18.0%) | 355 (100%) |
Region | 353 | ||||
Southern | 37 (14.4%) | 2 (6.2%) | 5 (7.8%) | 44 (12.4%) | |
Western | 116 (45.1%) | 14 (43.8%) | 33 (51.6%) | 163 (46.2%) | |
Eastern | 55 (21.4%) | 8 (25.0%) | 12 (18.7%) | 75 (21.3%) | |
Northern | 49 (19.1%) | 8 (25.0%) | 14 (21.9%) | 71 (20.1%) | |
Barn characteristics | |||||
Number of cow compartments in the barn | 355 | ||||
1 | 218 (84.2%) | 24 (75.0%) | 36 (56.3%) | 278 (78.3%) | |
≥2 | 41 (15.8%) | 8 (25.0%) | 28 (43.7%) | 77 (21.7%) | |
Free stall type | 345 | ||||
Insulated | 198 (78.6%) | 19 (61.3%) | 36 (58.1%) | 253 (73.3%) | |
Partly insulated | 42 (16.7%) | 11 (35.5%) | 23 (37.1%) | 76 (22.0%) | |
Non-insulated | 12 (4.7%) | 1 (3.2%) | 3 (4.8%) | 16 (4.7%) | |
Flooring | 341 | ||||
Slatted concrete | 120 (48.2%) | 13 (41.9%) | 28 (45.9%) | 161 (47.2%) | |
Solid concrete | 62 (24.9%) | 10 (32.3%) | 17 (27.9%) | 89 (26.1%) | |
Slatted rubber | 17 (6.8%) | 1 (3.2%) | 4 (6.5%) | 22 (6.5%) | |
Solid rubber | 50 (20.1%) | 7 (22.6%) | 12 (19.7%) | 69 (20.2%) | |
Milking system | 345 | ||||
Milking parlour | 121 (48.0%) | 11 (35.5%) | 22 (35.5%) | 154 (44.6%) | |
Automatic milking system | 131 (52.0%) | 20 (64.5%) | 40 (64.5%) | 191 (55.4%) | |
Ventilation system | 343 | ||||
Natural | 56 (22.2%) | 10 (32.3%) | 30 (50.0%) | 96 (28.0%) | |
Mechanical2 | 196 (77.8%) | 21 (67.7%) | 30 (50.0%) | 247 (72.0%) | |
Management practices | |||||
Total or partial mixed ration feeding | 355 | ||||
No | 140 (54.1%) | 7 (21.9%) | 13 (20.3%) | 160 (45.1%) | |
Yes | 119 (45.9%) | 25 (78.1%) | 51 (79.7%) | 195 (54.9%) | |
Outdoor access during summer | 355 | ||||
No | 154 (59.5%) | 17 (53.1%) | 47 (73.4%) | 218 (61.4%) | |
Yes | 105 (40.5%) | 15 (46.9%) | 17 (26.6%) | 137 (38.6%) | |
Outdoor access during winter | 353 | ||||
No | 214 (82.6%) | 23 (76.7%) | 55 (85.9%) | 292 (82.7%) | |
Yes | 45 (17.4%) | 7 (23.3%) | 9 (14.1%) | 61 (17.3%) | |
Hoof trimming frequency | 355 | ||||
0–1 | 80 (30.9%) | 8 (25.0%) | 20 (31.2%) | 108 (30.4%) | |
≥2 | 179 (69.1%) | 24 (75.0%) | 44 (68.8%) | 247 (69.6%) | |
Stocking density (cows/stall) | 345 | ||||
<1 | 90 (35.9%) | 10 (32.2%) | 34 (54.0%) | 134 (38.8%) | |
1 | 132 (52.6%) | 14 (45.2%) | 23 (36.5%) | 169 (49.0%) | |
>1 | 29 (11.5%) | 7 (22.6%) | 6 (9.5%) | 42 (12.2%) | |
Enlargement3 within 3 years | 349 | ||||
No | 180 (69.8%) | 14 (50.0%) | 21 (33.3%) | 215 (61.6%) | |
Yes | 78 (30.2%) | 14 (50.0%) | 42 (66.7%) | 134 (38.4%) | |
Open or closed herd | 353 | ||||
Closed herd | 189 (73.3%) | 17 (53.1%) | 24 (38.1%) | 230 (65.2%) | |
Open herd | 69 (26.7%) | 15 (46.9%) | 39 (61.9%) | 123 (34.8%) | |
Fields in organic farming | 355 | ||||
No | 242 (93.4%) | 27 (84.4%) | 55 (85.9%) | 324 (91.3%) | |
Yes | 17 (6.6%) | 5 (15.6%) | 9 (14.1%) | 31 (8.7%) | |