Fig. 1From: Environmental resistance development to influenza antivirals: a case exemplifying the need for a multidisciplinary One Health approach including physiciansAs OC degrades poorly in STPs and surface waters, it can enter aquatic environments where dabbling ducks can be exposed to the substance. Dabbling ducks constitute the natural influenza reservoir and have a perpetual circulation of influenza A virus in their population. Thus, there is a risk of resistance development in the intestine of the ducks where replicating virus and OC co-exist. Through reassortment or direct transmission, an oseltamivir-resistant influenza virus could spread to humans. OC oseltamivir carboxylate, OP oseltamivir phosphate, STP sewage treatment plantBack to article page