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Fig. 1 | Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica

Fig. 1

From: Environmental resistance development to influenza antivirals: a case exemplifying the need for a multidisciplinary One Health approach including physicians

Fig. 1

As OC degrades poorly in STPs and surface waters, it can enter aquatic environments where dabbling ducks can be exposed to the substance. Dabbling ducks constitute the natural influenza reservoir and have a perpetual circulation of influenza A virus in their population. Thus, there is a risk of resistance development in the intestine of the ducks where replicating virus and OC co-exist. Through reassortment or direct transmission, an oseltamivir-resistant influenza virus could spread to humans. OC oseltamivir carboxylate, OP oseltamivir phosphate, STP sewage treatment plant

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