Fig. 3

Adoptive cell immunotherapy possibilities for cancer in dogs include transfer of TILs, TRC-modified and CAR-engineered T lymphocytes. Tumor reactive T cells can be derived from tumor mass or peripheral blood lymphocytes can be genetically engineered to recognize tumor-specific antigens. Obtained T cells are expanded ex vivo and then administrated back to the tumor-bearing patient. Recently, genome editing technologies are using to confer additional modifications to T cells such as disruption of endogenous TCR and MHC. Introduction of ACT treatment into veterinary medicine can greatly facilitate the design of the new clinical trials for humans. Adapted from Servier Medical Art