From: Effects of auditory and visual stimuli on glucose metabolism in Holstein dairy cattle
Fixed effects | G0a mmol/L | GMAX mmol/L | G63 mmol/L | GHLTb min | GAUC mmol/L/63 min | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ß | SE | P | ß | SE | P | ß | SE | P | ß | SE | P | ß | SE | P | |
Intercept | 4.70 | 0.08 | < 0.001 | 14.2 | 0.15 | < 0.001 | 5.97 | 0.22 | < 0.001 | 44.02 | 1.56 | < 0.001 | 204.27 | 4.09 | < 0.001 |
Gender | < 0.001 | 0.03 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ns | ||||||||||
Bull | 0.57 | 0.11 | < 0.001 | − 0.52 | 0.21 | 0.01 | 0.64 | 0.31 | 0.04 | 10.17 | 2.23 | < 0.001 | – | – | – |
Steer | 0.21 | 0.11 | 0.05 | − 0.40 | 0.21 | 0.05 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.34 | 3.30 | 2.21 | 0.13 | – | – | – |
Heifer | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
Noise (N) | ns | ns | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ns | ||||||||||
I | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.12 | 0.28 | 0.66 | − 3.51 | 2.50 | 0.16 | – | – | – |
II | – | – | – | – | – | – | − 0.89 | 0.26 | 0.001 | − 7.49 | 2.23 | 0.001 | – | – | – |
Undisturbed | – | – | – | – | – | – | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | – | – | – |
Food stimuli (FS) | < 0.001 | 0.02 | ns | ns | 0.04 | ||||||||||
Food-stimulated | 0.19 | 0.05 | < 0.001 | − 0.36 | 0.16 | 0.02 | – | – | – | – | – | – | − 14.12 | 7.09 | 0.04 |
Undisturbed | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | – | – | – | – | – | – | ref | ref | ref |
Gender*N | ns | ns | 0.001 | < 0.001 | ns | ||||||||||
[Bull]*[N I] | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.31 | 5.87 | 3.55 | 0.10 | – | – | – |
[Bull]*[N II] | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.31 | 0.37 | 0.001 | 10.79 | 3.18 | 0.001 | – | – | – |
[Bull]*[undisturbed] | – | – | – | – | – | – | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | – | – | – |
[Steer]*[N I] | – | – | – | – | – | – | − 0.07 | 0.40 | 0.86 | − 0.09 | 3.54 | 0.98 | – | – | – |
[Steer]*[N II] | – | – | – | – | – | – | − 0.29 | 0.37 | 0.43 | − 4.15 | 3.16 | 0.19 | – | – | – |
[Steer]*[undisturbed] | – | – | – | – | – | – | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |