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Table 1 Resistance of Escherichia coli isolates originating from faecal samples of healthy cattle and swine and clinical submissions collected from 2010 to 2015 in Estonia

From: Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. isolated from Estonian cattle and swine from 2010 to 2015

Antimicrobial

Cut-off values for resistance (mg/L)*

Healthy animals

Diagnostic submissions

Dairy cattle (n = 171)

Swine (n = 120)

Dairy cattle (n = 63)

Swine (n = 143)

%

(95% CI)

%

(95% CI)

%

95% CI

%

95%

Ampicillin*H

> 8

3.5

(0.8 to 6.3)

21.5

(14.3 to 29.1)

58.7

(46.5 to 70.9)

53.9

(45.7 to 62.1)

Cephotaxime

> 0.5

1.2

(− 0.4 to 2.8)

2.5

(− 0.3 to 5.3)

7.9

(1.2 to 14.6)

4.2

(0.9 to 7.5)

Cephazidime

> 0.5

2.9

(0.4 to 5.4)

3.3

(0.1 to 6.5)

7.9

(1.2 to 14.6)

7.7

(3.3 to 12.1)

Streptomycin*H

> 16

7.0

(3.2 to 10.8)

39.2

(30.5 to 40.8)

63.5

(51.6 to 6.4)

54.6

(46.4 to 62.8)

Gentamycin*D

> 4

7.0

(3.2 to 10.8)

12.5

(6.6 to 18.4)

20.6

(10.6 to 30.6)

5.6

(1.8 to 9.4)

Kanamycin

> 16

8.8

(4.6 to 13.1)

10.0

(4.6 to 15.4)

0.0

NA

0.0

NA

Ciprofloxacin*H

> 0.06

0.6

(− 0.6 to 1.8)

5.8

(1.6 to 10.0)

38.1

(26.1 to 50.1)

32.2

(24.5 to 39.9)

Nalidixic acid*D

> 16

0.6

(− 0.6 to 1.8)

3.3

(0.1 to 6.5)

17.5

(8.1 to 26.9)

32.2

(24.5 to 39.9)

Tetracycline*H

> 8

7.0

(3.2 to 10.8)

32.5

(24.1 to 40.9)

58.5

(46.3 to 70.7)

60.2

(52.2 to 68.3)

Colistin*H

> 2

2.4

(0.1 to 4.7)

11.6

(5.9 to 17.3)

3.2

(− 1.6 to 7.6)

5.6

(1.8 to 9.4)

Chloramphenicol

> 16

2.4

(0.1 to 4.7)

5.8

(1.6 to 10.0)

9.5

(2.3 to 16.7)

18.2

(11.9 to 24.5)

Florfenicol

> 16

0.0

NA

0.8

(− 0.8 to 2.4)

0.0

NA

0.7

(− 0.7 to 2.1)

Trimethoprim*H

> 2

3.5

(0.8 to 6.3)

22.4

(14.9 to 29.9)

55.6

(43.3 to 67.9)

53.9

(45.7 to 62.1)

Sulfamethoxazole*H

> 64

4.7

(1.5 to 7.9)

30.0

(21.8 to 38.2)

60.3

(48.2 to 70.4)

68.5

(60.1 to 76.1)

  1. * Swedres-Svarm 2015. Consumption of antibiotics and occurrence of antibiotic resistance in Sweden. Solna/Uppsala ISSN 1650-6332, 117, Table 2.17
  2. *H and *D Statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between healthy dairy cattle and swine, and between dairy cattle’s and swine’s clinical submissions. Corresponding percentages are also presented in italic face