Multiplex polymerase chain reaction detection of enteropathogens in sewage in Norway

Table 1 Enteropathogens detected in untreated sewage in Norway, compared to diagnosed cases of disease in corresponding municipalities

Agent	Number of positive plants (n = 11)	Number of patients reported in January–June 2018
Campylobacter spp.	8	86
Clostridium difficile toxin A/B	1	55
Plesiomonas shigelloides	4	No data
Salmonella spp.	3	33
Vibrio spp.	2	No data
Vibrio cholerae	1	0
Yersinia enterocolitica	11	1
Enteroaggregative E. coli	11	10
Enteropathogenic E. coli	7
Enterotoxigenic E. coli	7
Shigatoxin positive E. coli	9	10
E. coli O 157	1	10
Shigella/Enteroinvasive E. coli	4	3
Adenovirus F40/41	11	204^a
Astrovirus	2	18^a
Norovirus GI/GII	6	290^a
Rotavirus A	7	37^a
Sapovirus (I, II, IV and V)	6	66^a
Cryptosporidium spp.	1	9
Cyclospora cayetanensis	0	0
Entamoeba histolytica	1	0
Giardia lamblia	10	7

^aVirus data contains positive samples from the medical laboratories serving the eastern part of Norway and not restricted to the municipal producing the wastewater

ISSN: 1751-0147