Plasma metabolomics reveals lower carnitine concentrations in overweight Labrador Retriever dogs

Table 2 Plasma metabolites differentiating fasting and postprandial metabolomes in multivariate discriminant analysis, with all 28 dogs included

Metabolite	Fasting vs 1h^a VIP (CI)	Fasting vs 2h^b VIP (CI)	Fasting vs 3h^c VIP (CI)	Fasting vs 4h^d VIP (CI)
Alanine	2.7 (1.5)	2.5 (0.8)	2.2 (1.4)	1.8 (0.5)
Arginine	1.6 (0.5)	1.3 (0.6)	1.1 (0.4)	NS
Glutamine	NS	NS	1.4 (1.2)	1.6 (1.1)
Glycine	2.4 (1.2)	2.0 (0.5)	1.6 (1.0)	1.2 (0.6)
Isoleucine	1.2 (0.5)	1.5 (0.3)	1.6 (0.4)	1.8 (0.3)
Leucine	1.4 (0.6)	1.9 (0.4)	2.1 (0.4)	2.3 (0.4)
Lysine	1.1 (0.8)	NS	NS	NS
Ornithine	1.1 (0.4)	1.1 (0.3)	1.0 (0.3)	NS
Proline	3.1 (0.6)	3.1 (0.3)	2.9 (0.6)	2.9 (0.5)
Threonine	1.2 (1.1)	NS	1.1 (1.0)	NS
Valine	1.7 (0.8)	2.3 (0.4)	2.8 (0.6)	3.1 (0.5)

Principal least-squares discriminant analyses using the different time points (fasting versus 1–4 h postprandial, respectively) as predefined groups. All fitted models showed significant separations a–d (presented below). VIP Variable importance of projection, CI confidence interval, NS not significant
(R²Y = Percent of variation in data set explained by model, a measure of fitness)
(Q²Y = Percent of variation in data set predicted by model)
^aOne component fitted: R²Y = 0.39, Q²Y = 0.31; cross-validated ANOVA: P = 0.00014
^bOne component fitted: R²Y = 0.55, Q²Y = 0.49; cross-validated ANOVA: P = 0.00000004
^cOne component fitted: R²Y = 0.64, Q²Y = 0.58; cross-validated ANOVA: P = 0.0000000005
^dTwo components fitted: R²Y = 0.71, Q²Y = 0.63; R²Y = 0.11, Q²Y = 0.09; cross-validated ANOVA: P = 0.0000000002

ISSN: 1751-0147