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Table 2 Model typical values (tv) and the individual pharmacokinetic parameter estimates for the horses A–F

From: Disposition and effect of intra-articularly administered dexamethasone on lipopolysaccharide induced equine synovitis

Horse

Dose (mg)

Vsyn (mL/kg)

kap (1/h)

kpa (1/h)

kel (1/h)

Vc (mL/kg)

Vt (mL/kg)

Cl (mL/kg/h)

Cld (mL/kg/h)

tv

na

0.2

0.6

0.15

0.010

338

1123

246

495

F

0.01

0.49

0.61

0.15

0.010

279

1135

247

491

C

0.03

0.27

0.61

0.14

0.011

148

1114

253

690

B

0.1

0.26

0.65

0.14

0.013

126

1018

266

778

A

0.3

0.18

0.74

0.15

0.009

85

997

417

598

D

1

0.20

1.06

0.15

0.010

308

1133

446

637

E

3

0.03

1.91

0.15

0.010

230

1263

470

763

  1. Where tv is the typical value for the population, dose is the amount dexamethasone administered into the joint, Vsyn, Vc and Vt are the volume of distribution in the synovial compartment (typical value was fixed to 0.2 mL/kg), the central compartment and the peripheral compartment, respectively. Cl is the plasma clearance and Cld is the inter-compartmental distribution parameter. kap, kpa and kel are the rate constants from the joint to the plasma, the plasma to the joint and direct elimination from the joint, respectively. Note that shrinkage was high (> 0.3) for kap, kpa kel, Vsyn and Cl due to a poor estimate of the random component of the model for these parameters and corresponding post hoc values were shrinked toward their population values