Table 1 Herd level variables with associated IgG values included in the statistical analysis of possible risk factors for low colostrum quality in 167 colostrum samples collected from 19 herds in a specific geographical region in Norway (Ringsaker municipality, Hedmark County)
Variable | Class or mean (SD) | Herds(N) | Samples (n) | IgG, g/L (SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Barn type | Tie stall | 2 | 17 | 50.4 (9.51) |
Freestall | 17 | 150 | 39.6 (1.74) | |
Herd size | 49.9 (18.23) | 19 | 167 | 40.7 (1.84) |
Herd milk yield | 8314 (751) | 19 | 167 | 40.7 (1.84) |
Weeks prior to calving concentrate is fed to heifers and dry cows | 1 | 4 | 34 | 36.7 (21.38) |
2 | 8 | 67 | 37.0 (20.61) | |
3 | 7 | 66 | 46.6 (26.79) | |
Concentrate (kg/days) fed to heifers at expected | 1.5 | 2 | 19 | 37.7 (20.09) |
Calving | 2 | 5 | 38 | 39.7 (20.02) |
2.5 | 2 | 20 | 37.2 (21.79) | |
3 | 8 | 74 | 43.6 (23.06) | |
3.5 | 1 | 8 | 36.9 (17.43) | |
4 | 1 | 8 | 39.9 (37.7) | |
Concentrate (kg/days) fed to multiparous cows at expected calving | 1 | 1 | 10 | 37.3 (19.77) |
1.5 | 1 | 9 | 38.1 (21.64) | |
2 | 6 | 48 | 40.4 (24.14) | |
2.5 | 2 | 20 | 37.2 (21.80) | |
3 | 7 | 64 | 43.6 (24.08) | |
3.5 | 1 | 8 | 36.9 (17.43) | |
4 | 1 | 8 | 39.9 (37.96) | |
Pre-partum increment of concentrate (kg/days) heifers | 0.16 (0.172) | 19 | 167 | 40.7 (1.84) |
Pre-partum increment of concentrate (kg/days) cows | 0.17 (0.171) | 19 | 167 | 40.7 (1.84) |
Solid feed type | Silage round bale | 13 | 117 | 41.2 (25.93) |
Silage round bale + straw | 4 | 33 | 40.7 (17.20) | |
Total mixed ration | 2 | 17 | 37.5 (19.16) | |
Other feed | Potato | 4 | 31 | 40.3 (24.44) |
Brewers grain | 1 | 10 | 40.5 (24.17) | |
Other (beet pulp, yeast) | 1 | 10 | 41.2 (24.01) | |
Missing | 13 | 116 | 40.5 (24.17) | |
Amount other feed (kg/days/lactating cows) | 43.4 (24.60) | 6 | 51 | 41.3 (25.02) |
Missing | 13 | 116 | 41.5 (41.48) | |
Pasture | All dairy cows | 17 | 148 | 40.2 (24.54) |
All pregnant heifers | 1 | 10 | 43.7 (15.88) | |
Pregnant heifers and dry cows | 1 | 9 | 46.9 (16.69) | |
Pasture turnout | May | 3 | 23 | 36.1 (18.79) |
June | 14 | 125 | 40.0 (22.90) | |
July | 2 | 19 | 51.4 (31. 61) | |
Pasture access | During day and night | 7 | 66 | 38.3 (18.94) |
During the day or night | 12 | 101 | 42.3 (26.37) | |
Additional feed at pasture? | No | 5 | 43 | 42.7 (26.4) |
Silage round bale | 12 | 107 | 40.5 (26.42) | |
Total mixed ration | 2 | 17 | 37.5 (19.16) | |
Length of pasture period (months) | < 3 | 8 | 74 | 45.6 (26.93) |
3–4 | 5 | 45 | 34.7 (17.90) | |
> 4 | 6 | 48 | 38.9 (22.06) | |
Minerals ad libitum? | Yes | 4 | 32 | 32.9 (17.16) |
No | 15 | 135 | 42.6 (24.73) | |
Complementary minerals to all in the herd? | Yes | 16 | 144 | 41.0 (22.94) |
No | 3 | 23 | 39.1 (28.73) | |
Additional minerals to pregnant cows/heifers? | Yes | 8 | 65 | 43.2 (26.58) |
No | 11 | 102 | 39.2 (21.71) | |
Licking minerals in addition to minerals in feed? | Yes | 12 | 104 | 42.7 (25.22) |
No | 7 | 63 | 37.5 (20.85) | |
Days prior to calving cow is moved to calving pen | 1 | 4 | 32 | 38.3 (21.82) |
2 | 4 | 37 | 41.8 (25.05) | |
3 | 3 | 24 | 42.4 (17.70) | |
4 | 2 | 19 | 46.2 (21.93) | |
14 | 1 | 9 | 38.1 (21.64) | |
Missing | 5 | 46 | 39.0 (28.09) | |
Herd hygiene score | 1 | 1 | 10 | 28.9 (11.70) |
1.5 | 5 | 48 | 39.9 (20.84) | |
2 | 9 | 76 | 42.4 (26.10) | |
2.5 | 3 | 23 | 40.9 (27.76) | |
3 | 1 | 10 | 43.7 (15.88) |