Fig. 7
Time taken for Elaphostrongylus rangiferi L1 larvae to develop to L3 at different temperatures. Temperature data for Trøndelag, Norway was used to show fluctuations in mean monthly environmental temperature (for 2018–2019; data from http://www.yr.no) and the developmental threshold times indicated [50] (reproduced with permission of Dr. Hannah Vineer, University of Liverpool). Also shown are the peak periods for brainworm L1 larval output by male and female reindeer [29]