Table 1 Dog characteristics, clinical and echocardiographic data in 67 dogs grouped by severity of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD)

Number

20

23

8

16

Sex (female/male)

14/6

15/8

5/3

4/12

Age (years)

4.9 (2.8–6.4)^a

7.2 (6.2–10)^b

9.1 (7.0–10)^b

9.2 (8.7–11)^b

Body Weight (kg)

8.8 (7.0–10.1)^a

9.6 (8.0–10.6)^a

8.9 (7.6–10)^a

10 (7.7–12)^a

HR (bpm)

100 (93–111)^a

100 (92–112)^a

100 (100–120)^ab

120 (100–150)^bc

SBP (mmHg)

134 (119–138)^ab

139 (132–152)^a

139 (127–153)^ab

123 (116–134)^b

DBP (mmHg)

75 (65–80)^ab

78 (70–86)^a

75 (72–80)^ab

68 (64–75)^b

LA/Ao

1.2 (1.1–1.2)^a

1.3 (1.2–1.4)^b

1.6 (1.5–1.6)^c

2.1 (2.0–2.6)^d

LVIDd (cm)

3.0 (2.7–3.4)^a

3.4 (3.1–3.7)^ab

3.5 (3.4–3.9)^b

4.4 (4.1–4.8)^c

LVIDd_inc (%)

4.0 (− 2.4 to 15)^a

14 (4.5–24)^ab

24 (16–38)^b

45 (41–59)^c

LVIDs (cm)

2.1 (1.8–2.5)^a

2.3 (2.1–2.7)^a

2.3 (2.2–2.7)^ab

2.7 (2.5–3.2)^bc

LVIDs_inc (%)

8.4 (− 0.4 to 30)^a

21 (12–41)^a

22 (17–42)^ab

43 (25–58)^bc

FS (%)

31 (27–34)^a

29 (25–34)^a

35 (31–37)^ab

37 (31–41)^bc

Catestatin (nmol/L)

1.2 (1.0–1.3)^a

1.1 (1.0–1.2)^a

1.1 (0.9–1.3)^a

1.1 (0.9–1.2)^a

Vasostatin (nmol/L)

0.23 (0.15–0.33)^a

0.18 (0.13–0.28)^a

0.22 (0.14–0.44)^a

0.16 (0.11–0.30)^a

NT-proBNP (pmol/L)

549 (375–800)^a

473 (386–690)^a

529 (420–836)^a

3000 (2129–3000)^b