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Play
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Galloping/Running
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Calf runs in circles, back and forth and/or in multiple and changeable directions
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Bucking
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Calf lifts both hind legs from the ground, resulting in a kick where both hind legs are stretched backwards in the air
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Jumping and leap
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Calf lifts both forelegs from the ground, and the hind legs may also be lifted from the ground at the end of the sequence
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Turn
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Calf suddenly turns in another direction, usually in a jump or running sequence
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Head shake
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Calf shakes or rotates its head
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Frontal pushing or butting
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Calf pushes the frontal part of its head against another calf’s head
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Non-reproductive mounting
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Calf lifts both forelegs to jump upon another calf’s back, side or head
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Butting fixtures
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Calf puts the front of its head against an object in the pen such as the bars (usually performed in a standing position)
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Butting straw
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Calf kneels in the straw and pushes the front of its head against the straw
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Rubbing straw
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Calf kneels in the straw and rubs its head, throat or neck down into the straw
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Sucking
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Sucking on other individuals
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Calf sucks on another calf’s ears, udder, foreskin, navel or other head- and body parts
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Sucking on objects
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Calf sucks on fixtures, including bars, buckets, teats, troughs and all other fixtures in the pen
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Licking objects
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Non-functional licking on fixtures, including bars, buckets, teats, troughs or any other fixture in the pen
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