Table 1 Diagnostic value of commercially available field-deployable diagnostic tools and pen-side prototype tests for PPR diagnosis

Immunochromatography lateral flow test

H and N proteins

Very rapid and pen-side test

Less sensitive than PCR

10³ to 10⁴ TCID₅₀

[26]

Quantum dots lateral flow

PPRV IgG antibodies

Ultrasensitive and field test

Cannot detect active case

Specificity 99.47%, sensitivity 97.67%

[27]

One-step RT-LAMP

M gene

Rapid and easy to perform

Not a field-level diagnostic

1.41 × 10⁻⁴ ng total RNA per assay

[28]

Two-step RT-LAMP

N gene

Rapid and pen-side test

Require six primers

100% specificity and sensitivity

[28,29,30]

Recombinase polymerase amplification assay

N gene

Rapid compared to RT-LAMP

Less sensitive compared to RT-PCR

Sensitivity 90% and specificity100%

[31, 32]

Oxford nanopore MinION sequencers

Viral genome

Rapid

Prone to high host nucleic acids

[33, 34]