Association of mast cell density, microvascular density and endothelial area with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in canine mammary gland carcinomas

Table 3 Associations of grade, mast cell density, microvascular density and endothelial area with disease-free survival

Covariate	Recurrence or distant metastasis rate	Mean DFS time in months (95% CI)	p^a	Univariate	p	Multivariable^b	p
Covariate	Recurrence or distant metastasis rate	Mean DFS time in months (95% CI)	p^a	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	p	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	p
Grade
I	2/10 (20%)	23.9 (23.8–24)		Referent		Referent
II	7/15 (46.7%)	20 (17.1–22.9)		3.64 (0.75–17.71)	NS	2.72 (0.55–15.54)	NS
III	6/10 (60%)	14 (8.1–19.9)	0.043	6.46 (1.29–32.49)	0.024	7.04 (1.34–36.92)	0.021
TMCD (mm²)
Low (< 154.4 cells)	4/18 (32.2%)	20.7 (17.6–23.8)		Referent
High (> 154.4 cells)	11/17 (64.7%)	18.3 (14.7–22)	0.032	3.25 (1.03–10.25)	0.044		NS
IMCD (mm²)
Low (< 48.8 cells)	6/23 (26.1%)	20.5 (17.5–23.4)		Referent		Referent
High (> 48.8 cells)	9/12 (75%)	17.7 (13.7–21.8)	0.008	3.78 (1.32–10.84)	0.014	4.1 (1.31–12.75)	0.015
PMCD (mm²)
Low (< 110.7 cells)	6/19 (31.6%)	21.6 (19.5–23.8)
High (> 110.7 cells)	9/16 (56.2%)	17 (12.7–21.3)	NS		NS		NS
MVD (mm²)
Low (< 98.4 vessels)	7/19 (37.8%)	20.6 (17.8–23.3)
High (> 98.4 vessels)	8/16 (50%)	18.3 (14.2–22.4)	NS		NS		NS
EA (mm²)
Low (< 2437.9 × 10^–2)	7/21 (33.3%)	21.9 (19.8–24)
High (> 2437.9 × 10^–2)	8/14 (61.1%)	16 (11.4–20.6)	0.044		NS		NS

P statistical significance, NS not significant, CI confidence interval, DFS disease-free survival
^aLog rank test
^bMultivariable Cox Proportional Hazard Model with Forward Stepwise Method (Likelihood ratio)

ISSN: 1751-0147