Table 2 Distribution of management characteristics in 559 Norwegian dairy herds by DD category (DD+/DD−) stratified on housing system
From: A case–control study regarding factors associated with digital dermatitis in Norwegian dairy herds
Management | Free stalls | Tie stalls | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
DD+ (n = 108) | DD− (n = 281) | DD+ (n = 5) | DD− (n = 165) | |
n (%)b | n (%)b | n (%)b | n (%)b | |
Number of staff | ||||
1 | 3 (2.8) | 22 (7.9) | 1 (20.0) | 21 (12.8) |
2 | 36 (33.3) | 114 (40.7) | 1 (20.0) | 76 (46.3) |
3 | 36 (33.3) | 79 (28.2) | 1 (20.0) | 39 (23.8) |
≥ 4 | 33 (30.6) | 65 (23.2) | 2 (40.0) | 28 (17.1) |
Missing | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Annual cleaning of barn | ||||
No | 35 (32.7) | 49 (17.5) | 1 (20.0) | 2 (1.2) |
Yes | 70 (65.4) | 231 (82.5) | 4 (80.0) | 161 (98.8) |
Uncertain | 2 (1.9) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Missing | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Litter in cubicles/tie stalls | ||||
No | 13 (12.0) | 35 (12.5) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (5.5) |
Yes | 95 (88.0) | 246 (87.5) | 5 (100) | 153 (93.9) |
Uncertain | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.6) |
Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Cleaning routines in alleys: | ||||
By steps of cows | ||||
No | 92 (85.2) | 205 (73.2) | ||
Yes | 16 (14.8) | 75 (26.8) | ||
Missing | 0 | 1 | ||
Automatic scraper | ||||
No | 59 (54.6) | 183 (65.4) | ||
Yes | 49 (45.4) | 97 (34.6) | ||
Missing | 0 | 1 | ||
Automatic robot | ||||
No | 68 (63.0) | 183 (65.4) | ||
Yes | 40 (37.0) | 97 (34.6) | ||
Missing | 0 | 1 | ||
Manuel scraping | ||||
No | 68 (63.0) | 148 (52.9) | ||
Yes | 40 (37.0) | 132 (47.1) | ||
Missing | 0 | 1 | ||
Summer pasture | ||||
No | 7 (6.5) | 16 (5.7) | 0 | 7 (4.2) |
Yes | 101 (93.5) | 265 (94.3) | 5 (100) | 158 (95.8) |
Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Use bull instead of aia | ||||
No | 84 (77.8) | 237 (84.3) | 5 (100) | 152 (92.1) |
Yes | 24 (22.2) | 44 (15.7) | 0 | 13 (7.9) |
Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |