Table 6 The results of urinalysis in cattle with LDA, RDA and AV (medians, 25th to 75th percentiles, frequency distributions)

pH

Median

8.0^a

7.0^b

7.0^bc

7.5

KW, BoCo

 < 0.05

(n = 1905)

(25–75% pc)

(6.0–8.5)

(6.0–8.0)

(5.0–8.0)

1.4 (6.0–8.0)

Normal (7.0–8.0)

521 (40.1%)

126 (38.9%)

102 (36.3%)

749 (39.3%)

Boph

 < 0.05

Decreased (4.0–6.9)

429^a (33.0%)

125^a (38.6%)

138^b (49.1%)

692 (36.3%)

Increased (8.1–9.0)

350^a (26.9%)

73^a (22.5%)

41^b (14.6%)

464 (24.4%)

Specific gravity

Median

1.020^a

1.025^b

1.027^b

1.022

KW, BoCo

 < 0.05

(n = 1802)

(25–75% pc)

(1.010–1.028)

(1.015–1.032)

(1.018–1.035)

(1.012–1.030)

Normal (1.020–1.040)

622^a (50.8%)

179^b (58.7%)

178^b (65.2%)

979 (54.3%)

Boph

 < 0.05

Decreased (1.000–1.039)

562^a (45.9%)

99^b (32.5%)

71^b (26.0%)

732 (40.6%)

Increased (1.041–1.060)

40^a (3.3%)

27^b (8.9%)

24^b (8.8%)

91 (5.0%)

Ketone bodies (mg/dL)

Negative (< 10)

546^a (41.6%)

217^b (66.2%)

217^c (76.7%)

980 (51.0%)

Boph

 < 0.05

(n = 1923)

 + , +  + (10–50)

507^a (38.6%)

84^b (25.6%)

53^c (18.8%)

644 (33.5%)

 +  +  + , +  +  +  + (≥ 150)

259^a (19.7%)

27^b (8.2%)

13^b (4.6%)

299 (15.5%)

Protein (mg/dL) (n = 1917)

Negative (< 30)

704 (53.8%)

166 (50.9%)

153 (54.1%)

1023 (53.4%)

–

-

 + , +  + (30–100)

600 (45.9%)

159 (48.8%)

129 (45.6%)

888 (46.3%)

 +  +  + , +  +  +  + (> 100)

4 (0.3%)

1 (0.3%)

1 (0.4%)

6 (0.4%)

Erythrocytes (per high-

Negative (< 5)

737 (56.5%)

168 (51.7%)

138 (48.9%)

1043 (54.6%)

–

–

power field) (n = 1912)

 + to +  + (5–25)

354 (27.1%)

88 (27.0%)

75 (26.6%)

517 (27.0%)

 +  +  + , +  +  +  + (50–250)

214 (16.4%)

69 (21.2%)

6 (24.5%)

352 (18.4%)

Glucose (mg/dL)

Negative (< 50)

1093^a (83.4%)

242^b (74.2%)

178^c (63.1%)

1513 (78.8%)

Boph

 < 0.05

(n = 1919)

 + , +  + (50–100)

145 (11.0%)

42 (12.8%)

53 (18.8%)

240 (12.5%)

 +  +  + , +  +  +  + (300–1000)

73^a (5.5%)

42^b (12.9%)

51^b (18.1%)

166 (8.6%)