Articles

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Udder Pathogens Isolated from Dairy Herds in the West Littoral Region of Uruguay

A total of 522 strains belonging to streptococci, enterococci and staphylococci isolated from sub-clinical and clinical cases of bovine mastitis from the west littoral region of Uruguay were analysed for their...

Authors: RE Gianneechini, C Concha and A Franklin

Milk Fever Control Principles: A Review

Three main preventive principles against milk fever were evaluated in this literature review, and the efficacy of each principle was estimated from the results of controlled investigations. Oral calcium drench...

Authors: T Thilsing-Hansen, RJ Jørgensen and S Østergaard

Investigations of Waterborne Pathogens in Eurasian Beaver (Castor fiber) from Telemark County, Southeast Norway

Authors: F. Rosell, O. Rosef and H. Parker

Housing, Feeding and Management of Calves and Replacement Heifers in Swedish Dairy Herds

A questionnaire was sent to 1500 randomly selected dairy herds in Sweden, asking for general information about the herds, including routines from birth to first calving and also routines at breeding, calving a...

Authors: K Pettersson, C Svensson and P Liberg

Rapid Brain Cooling in Intubated Pigs through Nasal Flushing with Oxygen: Prevention of Brain Hyperthermia

Local cooling of the brain by the respiratory air is found in many animal species. The mechanism is based on cooling of the nasal vein blood and heat transfer in the cavernous sinus/carotid artery complex and ...

Authors: N Einer-Jensen, MH Khorooshi, MB Petersen and P Svendsen

Persistence of Ehrlichia phagocytophilaInfection in Two Age Groups of Lambs

Tick-borne fever (TBF) is caused by the rickettsiae Ehrlichia phagocytophila and is a common disease in sheep in tick (Ixodes ricinus) infested areas in Norway. Earlier investigations have shown that some sheep c...

Authors: S Stuen and K Bergström

Predilection Muscles and Physical Condition of Raccoon Dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) Experimentally Infected with Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella nativa

The predilection muscles of Trichinella spiralis and T. nativa were studied in 2 experimental groups of 6 raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides), the third group serving as a control for clinical signs. The infe...

Authors: T. Mikkonen, L. Oivanen, A. Näreaho, H. Helin and A. Sukura

Influence of Ileo-Caecal Cannulation and Oxytetracycline on Ileo-Caecal and Rectal Coliform Populations in Pigs

The effect of surgery (insertion of an ileo-caecal cannula) and a subsequent parenteral treatment with oxytetracycline on the ileo-caecal and rectal coliform populations in 7 Swedish Yorkshire castrates were s...

Authors: A. Högberg, J.E. Lindberg and P. Wallgren

Osteoarthrosis of the Antebrachiocarpal Joint of 7 Riding Horses

Osteoarthrosis (OA) of the antebrachiocarpal joint from 7 riding horses is described. The horses were old mares and developed severe OA, with ankylosis in some of the joints. The lesions were bilateral, and th...

Authors: L-E. Magnusson and S. Ekman

An Unusual Congenital Malformation in a Calf with Serological Evidence of Foetal Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Infection

Authors: I. Yeruham, M. Michael and S. Perl

The Dynamics, Prevalence and Impact of Nematode Infections in Organically Raised Sheep in Sweden

A three-year survey (1997–99) was carried out on organically reared sheep flocks throughout Sweden. The aim was to determine the prevalence and intensity of nematode infections and to establish relationships b...

Authors: Å Lindqvist, B-L Ljungström, O Nilsson and PJ Waller

Diagnoses and Treatments in Health-Classified Fattening Herds Rearing Pigs All In – All Out

This study describes diseases encountered, medications used and veterinary involvement in all in – all out finishing herds belonging to one pork production system. The finishing herds had a particular manageme...

Authors: M Heinonen, P Hämeenoja, H Saloniemi and V Tuovinen

Regional Eradication of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniaeFrom Pig Herds and Documentation of Freedom of the Disease

The objectives of this study were to 1) screen all sow herds in a region for M. hyopneumoniae, 2) to effectuate an eradication programme in all those herds which were shown to be infected with M. hyopneumoniae, a...

Authors: E Rautiainen, J Oravainen, JV Virolainen and V Tuovinen

Persistence of Granulocytic EhrlichiaInfection During Wintertime in Two Sheep Flocks in Norway

Granulocytic Ehrlichia infection in sheep is common in Norway in areas with Ixodes ricinus. In this study, 2 sheep flocks that had been grazing on I. ricinus infested pastures the previous season, were blood samp...

Authors: S Stuen, R Djuve and K Bergström

The Effect of Two Different Oxytetracycline Treatments in Experimental Ehrlichia phagocytophilaInfected Lambs

The effect of 2 different oxytetracycline treatments in acute E. phagocytophila infected lambs was investigated. Twenty 5-month-old lambs of the Dala and Rygja breeds were used. Ten lambs were inoculated intraven...

Authors: S Stuen and K Bergström

Serological Investigation of Granulocytic EhrlichiaInfection in Sheep in Norway

Serum samples of 749 sheep from 75 sheep flocks in Norway, i.e. 361 lambs (6 to 7 months old) and 388 adults (>1.5 year), were analysed for antibodies to Ehrlichia equi. Ten animals from each flock were examined....

Authors: S Stuen and K Bergström

Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) in Gordon Setters with Symmetrical Lupoid Onychodystrophy and Black Hair Follicular Dysplasia

Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were demonstrated in 3 out of 10 Gordon setters with symmetrical lupoid onychodystrophy and in 5 out of 13 Gordon setters with black hair follicular dysplasia. Two dogs showed both...

Authors: J Øvrebø Bohnhorst, I Hanssen and T Moen

Experimental Copper Deficiency, Chromium Deficiency and Additional Molybdenum Supplementation in Goats – Pathological Findings

Secondary copper (Cu) deficiency, chromium (Cr) deficiency and molybdenosis (Mo) has been suggested to cause the "mysterious" moose disease in the southwest of Sweden. The present experiment was performed on g...

Authors: H. Aupperle, H.A. Schoon and A. Frank

Clinical and Endocrine Investigations after Dexamethasone and Prostaglandin Induced Premature Parturition – A Case Report

Authors: K. Kask, K. Königsson, H. Kindahl and H. Gustafsson

Experimental Infection of Conventional Pigs with Streptococcus suis serotype 2 by Aerosolic Exposure

Authors: L. W. Madsen, B. Nielsen, B. Aalbæk, H. E. Jensen, J. P. Nielsen and H. J. Riising

Salmonella dublinin Danish Dairy Herds: Frequency of Change to Positive Serological Status in Bulk Tank Milk ELISA in Relation to Serostatus of Neighbouring Farms

Bulk tank milk from 1,429 herds were collected in 3 rounds from 19 different geographic areas. The milk samples were tested by use of indirect LPS-ELISA procedure to detect Salmonella dublin antibodies. From the ...

Authors: A Wedderkopp, U Strøger and P Lind

Plasma Melatonin Levels in Relation to the Light-Dark Cycle and Parental Background in Domestic Pigs

To study porcine melatonin secretion in a stable environment 3 daytime (10.00 – 15.00) and 3 nighttime (22.00 – 03.00) plasma samples were collected by jugular venipuncture from 15 gilts, 16 sows, 3 boars and ...

Authors: H Andersson

Optimization of the Agar-gel Method for Isolation of Migrating Ascaris suumLarvae From the Liver and Lungs of Pigs

Experiments on use of an agar-gel method for recovery of migrating Ascaris suum larvae from the liver and lungs of pigs were conducted to obtain fast standardized methods. Subsamples of blended tissues of pig liv...

Authors: I Saeed, A Roepstorff, T Rasmussen, M Høg and G Jungersen

Serum Calcium Response Following Oral Zinc Oxide Administrations in Dairy Cows

Six non-pregnant cows were allocated into 3 groups. Group 1 comprised a pair of lactating cows, whereas groups 2 and 3 each comprised a pair of non-lactating cows. The cows in groups 1 and 2 were dosed intraru...

Authors: T Thilsing-Hansen and RJ Jørgensen

Electrolyte Composition of Mink (Mustela vison) Erythrocytes and Active Cation Transporters of the Cell Membrane

Red blood cells from mink (Mustela vison) were characterized with respect to their electrolyte content and their cell membranes with respect to enzymatic activity for cation transport. The intra- and extracellula...

Authors: O Hansen and TN Clausen

Plasma Calcium, Inorganic Phosphate and Magnesium During Hypocalcaemia Induced by a Standardized EDTA Infusion in Cows

The intravenous Na₂EDTA infusion technique allows effective specific chelation of circulating Ca²⁺ leading to a progressive hypocalcaemia. Methods previously used were not described in detail and results obtained...

Authors: LSB Mellau, RJ Jørgensen and JMD Enemark

Effect of Tetracosactid on Post Partum Cyclicity in Cows after Induction of Parturition with PGF_2α

Parturition and retention of fetal membranes were induced with PGF_2α in 3 primiparous dairy cows. Starting on day 12 post partum (PP) the cows were treated with 500 μg i.m. of ACTH-analogue (tetracosactid) every ...

Authors: MC Veronesi, H Kindahl, H Gustafsson and B Kornmatitsuk

Specific Immune Response of Mares and their Newborn Foals to Actinobacillus spp. Present in the Oral Cavity

Oral swab samples, serum and colostrum was taken from 15 mares and 14 of their foals, within 24 h of birth. The presence of antibody against Actinobacillus spp. isolated from the oral cavity was investigated usin...

Authors: S. Sternberg

Calcification of the Intervertebral Discs and Curvature of the Radius and Ulna: A Radiographic Survey of Finnish Miniature Dachshunds

The vertebral column of 124 randomly selected miniature dachshunds, representing 4.5% of the population registered by the Finnish Kennel Club during the years 1988 to 1996, were radiographed. The front legs we...

Authors: A Lappalainen, M Norrgård, K Alm, M Snellman and O Laitinen

Field Study of Dairy Cows with Reduced Appetite in Early Lactation: Clinical Examinations, Blood and Rumen Fluid Analyses

The study included 125 cows with reduced appetite and with clinical signs interpreted by the owner as indicating bovine ketosis 6 to 75 days postpartum. Almost all of the cows were given concentrates 2 to 3 ti...

Authors: A Steen

In Vitro Evaluation of Frozen-Thawed Stallion Semen: A Review

The article reviews methods used for in vitro evaluation of sperm, with particular emphasis on frozen-thawed stallion sperm. The techniques, limitations of the methods and correlations with fertility results a...

Authors: T Katila

Antibacterial Drugs Prescribed for Dogs and Cats in Sweden and Norway 1990–1998

The usage of veterinary antibacterial drugs in dogs and cats in Sweden and Norway for the period 1990–1998 was investigated by use of drug wholesalers' statistics. Additionally, usage of human antibacterial dr...

Authors: K. Odensvik, K. Grave and C. Greko

15-Ketodihydro-PGF_2α, Progesterone and Cortisol Profiles in Heifers after Induction of Parturition by Injection of Dexamethasone

In order to study rapid changes in 15-ketodihydro-PGF_2α, cortisol and progesterone in the period preceding parturition in cattle, pre-term parturition was induced in 4 late pregnant heifers. Parturitions were ind...

Authors: K. Königsson, K. Kask, H. Gustafsson, H. Kindahl and N. Parvizi

Changes in some Blood Micronutrients, Leukocytes and Neutrophil Expression of Adhesion Molecules in Periparturient Dairy Cows

Dairy cows are highly susceptible to infectious diseases, like mastitis, during the period around calving. Although factors contributing to increased susceptibility to infection have not been fully elucidated,...

Authors: G.E. Meglia, A. Johannisson, L. Petersson and K. Persson Waller

Management of Calving in Norwegian Cubicle-Housed Dairy Herds

Sixty of the 65 dairy farms with cubicle houses in the Norwegian county of Oppland were included in a field study of the management of calving in 1990. The farmers recorded the location of the cow when giving ...

Authors: H.P. Kjæstad and E. Simensen

Cubicle Refusal and Rearing Accommodation as Possible Mastitis Risk Factors in Cubicle-Housed Dairy Heifers

Fifty-nine of the 65 dairy farms with cubicle sheds in the Norwegian county of Oppland in 1990 were included in a study of rearing accommodation, cubicle refusal and mastitis incidence. The farmers recorded th...

Authors: HP Kjæstad and E. Simensen

Morphology of the Leather Defect Light Flecks and Spots

The skin histology and the scanning electron microscope morphology of the hide defect light flecks and spots after tanning were studied in 11 steers infested with biting lice (Damalinia bovis). Nine steers from h...

Authors: O. Nafstad, H. Wisløff and H. Grønstøl

The Effect of Eradication of Lice on the Occurrence of the Grain Defect Light Flecks and Spots on Cattle Hides

The influence of an eradication programme for lice on the prevalence of light flecks and spots on cattle hides was studied in 33 dairy cattle herds during a period of two and a half years. Lice were eradicated...

Authors: O. Nafstad and H. Grønstøl

Panel discussion

Authors: J. Christensen and V. Dantzer

Sampling to Detect Rare Diseases

Authors: Preben Willeberg

Variation in the Level of Grain Defect Light Flecks and Spots on Cattle Hides

The occurrence of hide damage light flecks and spots was determined on tanned hides from 28 herds during a period of 8 to 12 months. Light flecks and spots are described as small areas of grain loss up to 3 mm...

Authors: O. Nafstad and H. Grønstøl

Documenting Freedom From Disease and Re-Establishing a Free Status After a Breakdown Rabies

Rabies reappeared in Finland in the spring of 1988 after a 29-year absence. This time rabies occurred in sylvatic form and the major species involved was the raccoon dog. During the outbreak 1988–89 66 animals...

Authors: Liisa Sihvonen

Documenting Freedom From Disease And Re-Establishing a Free Status After a Breakdown Aleutian Disease (Plasmacytosis) in Farmed Mink in Iceland

Authors: Eggert Gunnarsson

Geographical Information System (GIS) as a Tool in Surveillance and Monitoring of Animal Diseases

In the veterinary epidemiology, the advantage of mapping the locations of farms and other facilities with animals is obvious. In an outbreak of a disease it could make the management of the situation easier, a...

Authors: Madelaine Norstrøm

Relationships Between Animal Health Monitoring and the Risk Assessment Process

Risk assessment is part of the risk analysis process as it is used in veterinary medicine to estimate risks related to international trade and food safety. Data from monitoring and surveillance systems (MO&SS)...

Authors: K. D. C. Stärk and M. D. Salman

Effect of Industrial Infrastructure, Nature of Disease and Animal Demographics on Surveillance Strategies in Poultry

Authors: Mogens Madsen, B. Heier, D. Jansson, J. Reiersen and P. Vennerström

Surveillance of Ruminant Diseases in the Nordic Countries

All the Nordic countries have a basis for their surveillance and disease control in ruminants in national legislation and regulations listing notifiable diseases of concern to the countries. The Nordic countri...

Authors: Olafur Valsson, S. Alenius, T. Krogh Nielsen, O. Nyberg and P. Salmela

Economic Aspects of Disease Monitoring with Special Reference to Bovine Paratuberculosis

Monte Carlo simulation models were used to evaluate the feasibility and potential results of a proposed national survey of the prevalence of bovine paratuberculosis (PTB) in dairy herds in Norway. The expected...

Authors: Larry G. Paisley

Epidemiological Concepts Regarding Disease Monitoring and Surveillance

Definitions of epidemiological concepts regarding disease monitoring and surveillance can be found in textbooks on veterinary epidemiology. This paper gives a review of how the concepts: monitoring, surveillan...

Authors: Jette Christensen

Why Do We Record Disease?

Authors: Martin Wierup