What are Production Diseases, and How do We Manage Them?

Table 4 The association of fertility indices with calving diseases and traits (9377 lactations in 7 herds for cows calving 01/95 through 06/98).

Indice Trait	Rate (%)	Unobserved heat^a	Inactive ovaries^a	Not pregnant to first AI^a	Open >150 days^a	Rest Period^b
Primiparous cows (3620 lactations)^c
Induction of calving	9.4		0.6*
Stillbirth	6.7	1.3*		1.4*	1.4*
Prolapsed uteri	0.4			4.6*	3.0*
Retained placenta	17.7	1.4**	1.8**		1.5**	2.1†
Primary metritis	31.3		1.5**		1.3**	2.0*
Mammary edema	6.9			0.8†
Multiparous cows (5757 lactations)^d
Induction of calving	2.3				1.4†
Twins	6.0	1.6**	2.3**	1.3*	1.4*	5.0**
Milk fever	1.9	0.6**		0.7*		-5.4**
Prolapsed uteri	0.3	5.3**	4.6**		2.8*
Retained placenta	17.0	1.5**	1.8**	1.5**	1.7**	3.5**
Primary metritis	13.9	1.3**	1.6**	1.3**	1.4**	2.7**
Ketosis	6.3	1.3†		1.4*		3.8**

†p < 0.1 *p < 0.05 **p < 0.01; ^aOdds ratio suffering from the indice for a cow "with factor" compared to one "without a factor". ^bEstimates of additional days of Rest Period for a cow "with factor". ^cEffects of herds, years and summer were included. ^dEffects of herds, years, parity and summer were included.

ISSN: 1751-0147