A Serological Survey of Ruminant Livestock in Kazakhstan During Post-Soviet Transitions in Farming and Disease Control

Table 2 Factors associated with seroprevalence, assessed using simple univariate statistics.

a) Seroprevalence by breed.
Breed	Species	Sample size	FMDV	Brucella	BTV	EHDV	PPRV
Pure	Cattle	163	30.7	5.5	31.3	1.2	0.6
	Sheep	107	10.3	-	42.1	-	-
	Goats	47	4.3	-	34	-	-
	Total	317	19.9	-	35.3	-	-
Local mix	Cattle	116	26.7	5.2	17.2	5.2	4.3
	Sheep	435	14.7	-	16.3	-	-
	Goats	90	6.7	-	21.1	-	-
	Total	641	15.8	-	17.2	-	-
Chi-squared¹	Cattle		NS	NS	**	**	*
	Sheep		NS	-	***	-	-
	Goats		NS	-	*	-	-
	Total		NS	-	***	-	-
¹Chi-squared tests were used throughout, with the exception of tests for PPRV and EHDV, for which Fisher Exact tests were used due to small sample sizes. * p < 0.001; p < 0.01; * p < 0.05; NS p > 0.05.
b) Seroprevalence by age.
Age	Species	Sample size²	FMDV	Brucella	BTV	EHDV	PPRV
Mean age +ve	Cattle	-	4.5	5.9	5.1	4.4	3.6
	Sheep	-	4	-	3.6	-	-
	Goats	-	3	-	3.6	-	-
Mean age -ve	Cattle	-	3.7	3.8	3.5	3.9	3.9
	Sheep	-	3.1	-	3	-	-
	Goats	-	2.7	-	3	-	-
K-W test 1	Cattle		**	**	**	NS	NS
	Sheep		**	-	*	-	-
	Goats		NS	-	*	-	-

¹Kruskal-Wallis test
²Sample sizes not given because they vary with the disease; they can be found in Table 1.

ISSN: 1751-0147