Table 2 Factors related to environment and management in the present study.
Variable | Class | Number of herds (n = 57) |
|---|---|---|
Alley | Slatted | 53 |
Solid concrete | 4 | |
Blind ending alleys | 0 | 28 |
>0 | 25 | |
Automatic feedersa | 0 | 6 |
1 | 32 | |
≥ 2 | 19 | |
Step (in front of manger) | Yes | 15 |
No | 38 | |
Stall base | Concrete | 35 |
Rubber mats | 17 | |
Wood | 2 | |
Deep litter | 3 | |
Bedding materiala | Saw dust | 47 |
Wooden shavings | 3 | |
Straw | 1 | |
None | 4 | |
Age of stall (years) | <2 | 9 |
2–5 | 10 | |
6–10 | 13 | |
11–20 | 20 | |
>20 | 5 | |
Pasture (weeks) | 0 | 11 |
1–8 | 5 | |
9–15 | 15 | |
>15 | 26 | |
Claw trimminga | Twice per year | 3 |
Once per year | 21 | |
Occasionally when needed | 22 | |
Not at all | 11 | |
Cleanness of animals | Very good | 20 |
Good | 28 | |
Average | 8 | |
Bad | 1 | |
Scrapings/day | 0 or 1 | 17 |
>1 | 38 | |
Manner of cleaninga | Manual | 45 |
Automatic | 6 |