Table 1 Percentage of sperm morphology of Thai native crossbred (T; T1 – T5) and purebred (F; F1 – Standard-bred; F2 – Warm-blood; F3 and F4 – Thoroughbred) stallions (mean ± SE)

T1

48.9 ± 1.8 ^a

8.9 ± 0.7 ^a

12.7 ± 0.8 ^a

1.1 ± 0.2 ^a

10.9 ± 0.8 ^a

17.6 ± 1.4 ^a

T2

43.8 ± 2.4 ^a,c

14.2 ± 1.5 ^b

29.3 ± 1.6 ^b,c

1.8 ± 0.4 ^a,b

8.2 ± 1.1 ^a,b

2.9 ± 0.5 ^b

T3

60.8 ± 2.7 ^b

11.5 ± 1.4 ^a,b

16.2 ± 1.6 ^a,c

1.4 ± 0.3 ^a

4.9 ± 1.2 ^b,c

5.2 ± 1.1 ^b,c

T4

38.3 ± 2.7^c

9.2 ± 1.1 ^a

10.3 ± 0.8 ^a

2.6 ± 0.5 ^b,c

28.9 ± 2.2 ^d

10.6 ± 1.7 ^d

T5

58.3 ± 2.2 ^b

9.1 ± 1.4 ^a

19.8 ± 1.6 ^a

1.6 ± 0.3 ^a,c

3.3 ± 0.5 ^c

7.9 ± 1.1 ^c,d

49.7 ± 1.3

(19 – 75)

10.2 ± 0.5 *

(2 – 33)

16.5 ± 0.8 *

(3 – 41)

1.6 ± 0.1 *

(0 – 7)

11.4 ± 1.0 *

(0 – 42)

10.5 ± 0.8 *

(0 – 36)

F1

40.1 ± 3.6 ^a

13.8 ± 1.3 ^a

31.6 ± 3.4 ^a,b

5.4 ± 1.3 ^a

3.5 ± 0.8 ^a

5.5 ± 2.0

F2

61.5 ± 2.7 ^b

10.2 ± 2.1 ^a

14.3 ± 2.5 ^a

2.7 ± 1.0 ^b

5.7 ± 1.2 ^a,b

5.5 ± 2.1

F3

35.9 ± 3.9 ^a

17.3 ± 2.8 ^b

29.9 ± 3.2 ^b

0.3 ± 0.2 ^c

9.3 ± 2.0 ^b

7.4 ± 1.5

F4

58.0 ± 5.1 ^b

11.7 ± 1.6 ^a

17.3 ± 2.8 ^a

4.4 ± 1.1 ^a,b

3.9 ± 0.8 ^a,b

4.7 ± 1.3

48.1 ± 2.8

(21 – 72)

13.4 ± 1.1

(4 – 23)

23.9 ± 2.1

(9 – 43)

3.3 ± 0.6

(0 – 13)

5.5 ± 0.7

(1 – 17)

5.8 ± 0.9

(0 – 16)