Figure 1

Schematic diagram of the instrumented ring fixateur system. Force sensors were placed between the middle 3/4-rings, enabling measurement of all axial forces between the proximal and distal sections of the ring fixator system (a); schematic diagram for calculation of the axial force N and bending moment M_b (b). F_i were forces measured in the force sensors; Calculation of the angle of the bending axis (α) to the lateral axis (0°) of the left hindleg (c); x, y, z mark the different axes.