Table 1 Pharmacokinetic variables for doxycycline hyclate (Dox-h) in horses after the oral administration of three experimental formulations

AUC (μg · h/mL)

3.1 ± 0.2 ^a

17.0 ± 2.2^b

1.5 ± 0.1 ^c

AUMC (μg · h²/mL)

35.2 ± 1.2 ^a

208.3 ± 31.1^b

12.3 ± 0.1 ^c

AUC₀ -_∞ (μg · h/mL)

3.0 ± 0.2 ^a

16.1 ± 4.8 ^b

1.5 ± 0.9 ^c

AUMC₀ -_∞ (μg · h²/mL)

31.2 ± 2.3 ^a

171.3 ± 5.8 ^b

12.3 ± 0.5 ^c

MRT (h)

11.3 ± 4.4 ^a

12.2 ± 4.2^a

8.1 ± 2.1 ^a

MRT₀ -_∞ (h)

10.2 ± 2.6 ^a

10.7 ± 2.1 ^a

8.1 ± 1.2 ^a

T½β (h)

2.8 ± 0.9^a

4.9 ± 1.0^b

4.2 ± 0.9^b

T½_ab(h)

1.2 ± 0.2 ^a

3.5 ±1.2 ^b

1.4 ± 0.1 ^a

K_el (h^-1)

0.2 ± 0.0 ^a

0.1 ± 0.1 ^a

0.2 ± 0.1 ^a

Kab (h^-1)

1.6 ± 0.2 ^a

0.2 ± 0.2 ^b

0.5 ± 0.3 ^c

α (h^-1)

1.2 ± 0.0

-

-

β (h^-1)

9.2 ± 0.0

-

-

Cmax (μg/mL)

0.3 ± 0.1 ^a

1.3 ± 0.7 ^b

0.2 ± 0.0 ^c

Tmax (h)

2.2 ± 0.4 ^a

5.9 ± 1.7 ^b

3.4 ± 0.6 ^c

Frel (%)^*

-

548% ^a

48% ^b