Table 3 Animal based measures related to the principle of good health in tie-stall housing system with vs. without exercise
From: Dairy cows welfare quality in tie-stall housing system with or without access to exercise
Measures | Tie-stall housing system with exercise | Tie-stall housing system without exercise | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 40) | (n = 40) | |||||||
Mean | SEM | Median | Range | Mean | SEM | Median | Range | |
% lame cows | 15.12 | 0.67 | 15.15 | 13.88 | 22.21*** | 0.51 | 26.265 | 10.00 |
% cows with no lesion | 89.13*** | 1.14 | 87.50 | 24.32 | 75.71 | 0.96 | 76.93 | 23.41 |
% cows with at least one hairless patch and no lesion | 44.43 | 2.23 | 45.45 | 53.33 | 50.49* | 1.50 | 51.02 | 36.79 |
% cows with at least one lesion | 10.87 | 1.14 | 12.50 | 24.32 | 22.30*** | 1.28 | 22.86 | 30.28 |
Frequency of coughing per cow per 15 min | 0.31 | 0.22 | 0.00 | 6.25 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
% cows with nasal discharge | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.00 | 3.12 | 0.41 | 0.28 | 0.00 | 8.16 |
% cows with ocular discharge | 1.75 | 0.39 | 0.00 | 6.25 | 0.92 | 0.30 | 0.00 | 6.25 |
% cows with increased respiratory rate | 0.47 | 0.33 | 0.00 | 9.37 | 1.29 | 0.51 | 0.00 | 11.54 |
% cows with diarrhoea | 2.26 | 0.77 | 0.00 | 15.62 | 3.43 | 0.94 | 0.00 | 23.07 |
% cows with vulvar discharge | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 2.70 | 1.90 | 0.54 | 0.00 | 14.00 |
% mastitis | 6.38 | 0.54 | 5.00 | 10.50 | 13.85*** | 0.78 | 14.50 | 19.00 |
% mortality during the last 12 months | 0.80 | 0.19 | 0.00 | 4.00 | 2.40 | 0.21 | 2.28*** | 5.00 |
% dystocia | 0.91 | 0.23 | 0.00 | 5.00 | 2.66 | 0.24 | 2.78*** | 5.76 |
% downer cows | 0.23 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 2.00 | 0.69* | 0.13 | 0.00 | 2.00 |
% dehorned cows | 80.48 | 5.71 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 85.50 | 3.83 | 100.00 | 100.0 |