- Published:
Ferrokinetig Studies in Normal and Iron Deficiency Anemic Calves
Ferrokinetiska studier hos normala kalvar och kaluar med järnbristanemi
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica volume 16, pages 205–217 (1975)
Abstract
Ferrokinetic studies were performed on control calves and on calves with experimentally induced iron deficiency anemia, all 15 weeks old.
The plasma iron clearance half time was about 4 times shorter in the experimental than in the control group. The low plasma iron concentration in the anemic calves was partially compensated by a more rapid plasma iron disappearance. Therefore the difference in the plasma iron turnover rate was reduced.
The mean value of plasma iron daily renewal rate was about 3 times higher in the experimental than in the control group.
The maximum uptake of injected 59Fe into blood cells was reached 14 to 16 days after injection. The uptake of 59Fe was about 10% higher in the control than in the experimental group.
Using the values from the ferrokinetic study, the iron need for calves could be estimated. The requirement of iron to maintain a normal and constant Hb in a calf weighing 100 kg at a growth rate of 1 kg/daily was estimated as being 17.5 mg/day. Based on information in the literature and assuming a retention of dietary Fe of 25%, the total daily iron need for such a calf gaining 1 kg/day would be 160–180 mg.
Sammanfattning
En studie genomfördes över järnmetabolismen hos normala kalvar och kalvar med experimentent framkallad järnhristanemi.
Eliminationshastigheten av 59Fe från blodplasma var omkring fyra gånger kortare hos anemiska kalvar än hos kontrollkalvar. En låg koncentration av plasmajärn hos anemiska kalvar kompenserades delvis genom en accelererad järnelimination varför skillnaden i „plasma iron turnover rate” reducerades.
Maximala upptaget av 59Fe i de röda blodkropparna erhölls 14 till 16 dagar efter injektion. Upptaget av 59Fe var ca 10% högre hos kontrollkalvarna än hos de anemiska kalvarna.
Med ledning av de ferrokinetiska studierna beräknades järnbehovet för växande kalvar. En kalv som växer ett kg och väger omkring 100 kg kräver 17,5 mg Fe för att uppehålla ett konstant och normalt Hb-värde. Med ledning av litteraturuppgifter beräknades det totala dagliga behovet för en sådan kalv vid en tillväxt av 1 kg/dag till 160–180 mg. Därvid har antagits att 25% av järnet i fodret resorberas och retineras.
References
Baker, N. F. & J. R. Douglas: Pathogenesis of trichostrongyloid parasites. II. Ferrokinetic studies in ruminants. Amer. J. vet. Res. 1957, 18, 295–302.
Blaxter, K. L., G. A. M. Sharman & A. M. Mc Donald: Iron deficiency anemia in calves. Brit. J. Nutr. 1957, 11, 234–246.
Bothwell, T. H. & C. A. Finch: Iron Metabolism. Churchill, London, Little Brown & Company, Boston 1962.
Bothwell, T. H., A. V. Hustado, D. M. Donohue & C. A. Finch: Erythrokinetics. IV. The plasma iron turnover as a measure of erythropoiesis. Blood 1957, 12, 409–427.
Ekman, L. & S. Iwánska: Studies in iron metabolism in normal and anemic nursing pigs. Zbl. Vet.-Med. A. 1966, 13, 585–595.
Hansard, S. L.: Radioisotopes in animal nutrition and physiology. IAEA Symp.., Vienna 1965, 319–337.
Hansard, S. L., L. E. Foote & G. Dimopoullos: The physiological behavior of iron in the calf. J. Dairy Sci. 1959, 42, 1970–1976.
Haxton, J. A., M. D. Schneider & M. P. Kaye: Blood volume of the male Holstein-Friesian calf. Amer. J. vet. Res. 1974, 35, 835–837.
Hibhs, J. W., H. R. Conrad, J. H. Vandersall & C. Gale: Occurrence of iron deficiency anemia in dairy calves at birth and its alleviation by iron dextran injection. J. Dairy Sci. 1963, 46, 1118–1124.
Kaneko, J. J. & D. R. G. Mattheeuws: Iron metabolism in normal and Porphyrie calves. Amer. J. vet. Res. 1966, 27, 923–929.
Kirchgessner, M., E. Grassman, J. Krippl & H. L. Müller: Zum Einfluss einmaliger und kontinuierlicher Fe-Zulagen in der Kälbermast auf ernährungsphysiologische Wirksamkeit und Fleischfarbe. (On the influence of unique and continuous Fe supplementation in calf fattening on nutritional efficaciousness and meat colour). Züchtungskunde 1971, 43, 336–345.
Kolb, E.: Iron metabolism in farm animals. Adv. vet. Sci. 1963, 8, 49.
Marcilese, N. A., H. D. Figueiras, R. M. Valseecchi, A. H. Fraga, H. R. Camberos & J. E. Varela: Erythrokinetics in the horse. Amer. J. Physiol. 1965, 209, 727–730.
Matrone, G., C. Conley, G. H. Wise & R. K. Waugh: A study of iron and copper requirements of dairy calves. J. Dairy Sci. 1957, 40, 1437–1447.
Matzen, K.: Blutuntersuchungen bei Mastkälbern. (The hematological picture of veal calves). Thesis, München 1968.
Möllerberg, L.: A hematologic and blood chemical study of Swedish purchased calves. Acta vet. scand. 1975, 16, 170–177.
Möllerberg, L., L. Ekman & S.-O. Jacobsson: Plasma and blood volume in the calf from birth till 90 days of age. Acta vet. scand. 1975 a, 16, 178–185.
Möllerberg, L., T. Ehlers, S.-O. Jacobsson, S. Johnsson & I. Olsson: The effect of parenteral iron supply on hematology, health, growth and meat classification in veal calves. Acta vet. scand. 1975 b, 16, 197–204.
Niedermeier, R. P., N. N. Allén, R. D. Lance, E. H. Rupnow & R. W. Bray: Effect of feeding methods on veal production and carcass quality. I. Rate of gain, stomach capacity, vitamin A, iron and hemoglobin values. J. Animal Sci. 1959, 18, 726–731.
Nilsson, K.: Personal communication 1974.
Scheidegger, H. P.: Veränderungen des roten Blutbildes und der Serumeisen Koncentration bei Simmentaler Kälbern. (Red cells and serum iron values in Simmertaler calves). Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilk. 1973, 115, 483–497.
Tollerz, G.: Studies on the tolerance to iron in piglets and mice with special reference to vitamin E, synthetic antioxidants and sodium-selenite. Thesis, Stockholm 1965.
Weinberg, E. D.: Iron and susceptibility to infectious disease. Science 1974, 184, 952–956.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Möllerberg, L., Ekman, L. & Jacobsson, SO. Ferrokinetig Studies in Normal and Iron Deficiency Anemic Calves. Acta Vet Scand 16, 205–217 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03546675
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03546675