Skip to main content
Download PDF
  • Published:

Ferrokinetig Studies in Normal and Iron Deficiency Anemic Calves

Ferrokinetiska studier hos normala kalvar och kaluar med järnbristanemi

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica volume 16, pages 205–217 (1975)Cite this article

Abstract

Ferrokinetic studies were performed on control calves and on calves with experimentally induced iron deficiency anemia, all 15 weeks old.

The plasma iron clearance half time was about 4 times shorter in the experimental than in the control group. The low plasma iron concentration in the anemic calves was partially compensated by a more rapid plasma iron disappearance. Therefore the difference in the plasma iron turnover rate was reduced.

The mean value of plasma iron daily renewal rate was about 3 times higher in the experimental than in the control group.

The maximum uptake of injected 59Fe into blood cells was reached 14 to 16 days after injection. The uptake of 59Fe was about 10% higher in the control than in the experimental group.

Using the values from the ferrokinetic study, the iron need for calves could be estimated. The requirement of iron to maintain a normal and constant Hb in a calf weighing 100 kg at a growth rate of 1 kg/daily was estimated as being 17.5 mg/day. Based on information in the literature and assuming a retention of dietary Fe of 25%, the total daily iron need for such a calf gaining 1 kg/day would be 160–180 mg.

Sammanfattning

En studie genomfördes över järnmetabolismen hos normala kalvar och kalvar med experimentent framkallad järnhristanemi.

Eliminationshastigheten av 59Fe från blodplasma var omkring fyra gånger kortare hos anemiska kalvar än hos kontrollkalvar. En låg koncentration av plasmajärn hos anemiska kalvar kompenserades delvis genom en accelererad järnelimination varför skillnaden i „plasma iron turnover rate” reducerades.

Maximala upptaget av 59Fe i de röda blodkropparna erhölls 14 till 16 dagar efter injektion. Upptaget av 59Fe var ca 10% högre hos kontrollkalvarna än hos de anemiska kalvarna.

Med ledning av de ferrokinetiska studierna beräknades järnbehovet för växande kalvar. En kalv som växer ett kg och väger omkring 100 kg kräver 17,5 mg Fe för att uppehålla ett konstant och normalt Hb-värde. Med ledning av litteraturuppgifter beräknades det totala dagliga behovet för en sådan kalv vid en tillväxt av 1 kg/dag till 160–180 mg. Därvid har antagits att 25% av järnet i fodret resorberas och retineras.

References

  • Baker, N. F. & J. R. Douglas: Pathogenesis of trichostrongyloid parasites. II. Ferrokinetic studies in ruminants. Amer. J. vet. Res. 1957, 18, 295–302.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blaxter, K. L., G. A. M. Sharman & A. M. Mc Donald: Iron deficiency anemia in calves. Brit. J. Nutr. 1957, 11, 234–246.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bothwell, T. H. & C. A. Finch: Iron Metabolism. Churchill, London, Little Brown & Company, Boston 1962.

  • Bothwell, T. H., A. V. Hustado, D. M. Donohue & C. A. Finch: Erythrokinetics. IV. The plasma iron turnover as a measure of erythropoiesis. Blood 1957, 12, 409–427.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ekman, L. & S. Iwánska: Studies in iron metabolism in normal and anemic nursing pigs. Zbl. Vet.-Med. A. 1966, 13, 585–595.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hansard, S. L.: Radioisotopes in animal nutrition and physiology. IAEA Symp.., Vienna 1965, 319–337.

  • Hansard, S. L., L. E. Foote & G. Dimopoullos: The physiological behavior of iron in the calf. J. Dairy Sci. 1959, 42, 1970–1976.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haxton, J. A., M. D. Schneider & M. P. Kaye: Blood volume of the male Holstein-Friesian calf. Amer. J. vet. Res. 1974, 35, 835–837.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hibhs, J. W., H. R. Conrad, J. H. Vandersall & C. Gale: Occurrence of iron deficiency anemia in dairy calves at birth and its alleviation by iron dextran injection. J. Dairy Sci. 1963, 46, 1118–1124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaneko, J. J. & D. R. G. Mattheeuws: Iron metabolism in normal and Porphyrie calves. Amer. J. vet. Res. 1966, 27, 923–929.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kirchgessner, M., E. Grassman, J. Krippl & H. L. Müller: Zum Einfluss einmaliger und kontinuierlicher Fe-Zulagen in der Kälbermast auf ernährungsphysiologische Wirksamkeit und Fleischfarbe. (On the influence of unique and continuous Fe supplementation in calf fattening on nutritional efficaciousness and meat colour). Züchtungskunde 1971, 43, 336–345.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolb, E.: Iron metabolism in farm animals. Adv. vet. Sci. 1963, 8, 49.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marcilese, N. A., H. D. Figueiras, R. M. Valseecchi, A. H. Fraga, H. R. Camberos & J. E. Varela: Erythrokinetics in the horse. Amer. J. Physiol. 1965, 209, 727–730.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matrone, G., C. Conley, G. H. Wise & R. K. Waugh: A study of iron and copper requirements of dairy calves. J. Dairy Sci. 1957, 40, 1437–1447.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matzen, K.: Blutuntersuchungen bei Mastkälbern. (The hematological picture of veal calves). Thesis, München 1968.

  • Möllerberg, L.: A hematologic and blood chemical study of Swedish purchased calves. Acta vet. scand. 1975, 16, 170–177.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Möllerberg, L., L. Ekman & S.-O. Jacobsson: Plasma and blood volume in the calf from birth till 90 days of age. Acta vet. scand. 1975 a, 16, 178–185.

  • Möllerberg, L., T. Ehlers, S.-O. Jacobsson, S. Johnsson & I. Olsson: The effect of parenteral iron supply on hematology, health, growth and meat classification in veal calves. Acta vet. scand. 1975 b, 16, 197–204.

  • Niedermeier, R. P., N. N. Allén, R. D. Lance, E. H. Rupnow & R. W. Bray: Effect of feeding methods on veal production and carcass quality. I. Rate of gain, stomach capacity, vitamin A, iron and hemoglobin values. J. Animal Sci. 1959, 18, 726–731.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson, K.: Personal communication 1974.

  • Scheidegger, H. P.: Veränderungen des roten Blutbildes und der Serumeisen Koncentration bei Simmentaler Kälbern. (Red cells and serum iron values in Simmertaler calves). Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilk. 1973, 115, 483–497.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tollerz, G.: Studies on the tolerance to iron in piglets and mice with special reference to vitamin E, synthetic antioxidants and sodium-selenite. Thesis, Stockholm 1965.

  • Weinberg, E. D.: Iron and susceptibility to infectious disease. Science 1974, 184, 952–956.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine II and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Veterinary College, S-104 05, Stockholm 50, Sweden

    Lars Möllerberg, Lars Ekman & Sten-Olof Jacobsson

Authors
  1. Lars Möllerberg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lars Ekman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sten-Olof Jacobsson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Möllerberg, L., Ekman, L. & Jacobsson, SO. Ferrokinetig Studies in Normal and Iron Deficiency Anemic Calves. Acta Vet Scand 16, 205–217 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03546675

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03546675

Keywords

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica

ISSN: 1751-0147