Skip to main content
Download PDF
  • Published:

Liquoid-Induced Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in the Blue Fox

Liquoid-indusert disseminert intravaskulær koagulasjon hos blårev.

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica volume 23, pages 570–580 (1982)Cite this article

Abstract

The present experiments were performed to study the effects of a single high intravenous dose of Liquoid (10 mg/kg body weight) upon platelets, coagulation activities and hematocrit in blue foxes, and their correlation with the survival time. Both “short-living” (< 9 h) and “long-living” (24 h or more) blue foxes showed a marked consumption of coagulation factors, initial fall in fibrinogen, positive ethanol gel test and a gradual decrease in platelet counts. In addition “short-living” animals developed a marked rise in hematocrit, reflecting a considerable increase in vascular permeability. We conclude that activation of plasma proteases has as one of its effects increased permeability in microvasculatory vessels and that this may play a central role for the course and outcome of Liquoid-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Sammendrag

I denne artikkelen beskrives f oran dringen« i blodplatetall, koagu-lasjonsaktiviteter og hematokrit etter at en enkelt, høy dose, Liquoid (10 mg/kg) ble gitt intravenøst til blårev. Resultatene diskuteres i relasjon til dyrenes overlevelsestid etter injeksjonen. Råde dyr som d0de kort tid etter injeksjonen (< 9 t) og dyr som levde 24 t eller mer viste markert forbruk av koagulasjonsfaktorer, signifikant ned-gang i fibrinogen nivå, positiv ethanol-gel test og gradvis fall i blodplatetall. Rever som døde innen 9 t etter injeksjonen utviklet dessuten markert stigning i hematokrit umiddelbart før de døde, trolig som følge av økt karpermeabilitet. Vi konkluderer med at aktivering av plasma proteaser og økt karpermeabilitet er sentrale mekanismer ved utvikling av Liquoid indusert sjokk.

References

  • Ashford, T. P. Sc D. G. Freiman: Platelet aggregation at sites of minimal endothelial injury. An electron microscopic study. Amer. J. Path. 1968, 53, 599–607.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, G., D. M. Rankine & J. H. Talbott: The nucleotides in normal human blood. J. biol. Chem. 1959, 234, 1233–1240.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dixon, R. E.: Disseminated intravascular coagulation: A paradox of thrombosis and hemorrhage. Significance in obstetrics and gynecology. A review. Obstet. Gynec. Surg. 1973, 28, 385–395.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evensen, S. A., M. Jeremic & P. F. Hjort: Intravascular coagulation with Generalized Shwartzman Reaction induced by a heparin-like anticoagulant (Liquoid). Thrombos. Diathes. haemorrh. 1967, 18, 24–39.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evensen, S. A. & M. Jeremic: Intravascular coagulation with Generalized Shwartzman Reaction induced by Liquoid: Lack of protection by extreme thrombocytopenia. Thrombos. Diathes. haemorrh. 1968, 19, 556–569.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evensen, S. A. & B. Shepro: Generalized Shwartzman Reaction induced by Liquoid in the rat. Increased DNA-synthesis in aortic endothelium. Thrombos. Diathes. haemorrh. 1973, 30, 347–351.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaarder, A., J. Jonsen, S. Laland, A. Hellem & P. A. Owren: Adenosin diphosphate in red cells as a factor in the adhesiveness of human blood platelets. Nature 1961, 102, 531–532.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Godal, H. C. & U. Abilgaard: Gelation of soluble fibrin in plasma by ethanol. Scand. J. Haemat. 1966, 3, 342–350.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gorman, R. R.: Modulation of human platelet function by prostacyclin and thromboxane A2. Fed. Proc. 1979, 38, 83–88.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Griffin, J. H. & C. G. Cochrane: Recent advances in the understanding of contact activation reactions. Semin. Thrombos. Haemost. 1979, 5, 254–273.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guyton, A. C.: Textbook of Medical Physiology, 5th ed. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, London, Toronto 1976, p. 223.

  • Hardaway, R. M.: Acute respiratory distress syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Sth. med. J. (Bgham, Ala.) 1978, 71, 596–598.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hardaway, R. M.: Cellular and metabolic effect of shock. J. Amer. vet. med. Ass. 1979, 175, 81–86.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hellem, A. J.: The adhesiveness of human blood platelets in vitro. Scand. J. clin. Lab. Invest. 1960, 12, Suppl. 51, 20–27.

  • Hoffmann, R.: Syndrome disseminierter intravasaler Gerinnung (Ver-brauchskoagulopathie) bei Haustieren. (The disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (consumption coagulopathy) in domestic animals). Fortschr. Vet.-Med. (Zbl. Vet.-Med.) 1976, Suppl. 24, p. 98.

  • Iatridis, S. G., P. C. Iatridis, K. A. Kyrkou, S. G. Markidou & D. M. Wonnell: Liquoid and platelet aggregation. Trombos. Res. 1980, 17, 415–432.

  • Janson, T. & Ø. Grimmer: Test conditions and sensitivity of the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) test “Cephotest,\ Farmakoterapi 1976, 32, 36–46.

  • Laurell, C. B.: Electroimmuno assay. Scand. J. clin. Lab. Invest. 1972, 29, SuppL 124, 21–37.

  • McKay, D. G.: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation. An Intermediary Mechanism of Disease. Hoeber Medical Division, Harper and Row, New York, Evanston and London 1965.

  • Moneada, S. & J. R. Vane: The role of prostacyclin in vascular tissue. Fed. Proc. 1979, 38, 66–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murano, G.: The “Hageman” connection: Interrelationships of blood coagulation, fibrino(geno) lysis, kinin generation and complement activation. Amer. J. Hemat. 1978, 4, 409–417.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Müller-Berghaus, G. & H. G. Lasch: Consumption of Hageman factor activity in the Generalized Shwarzman Reaction induced by Liquoid. Its prevention by inhibition of Hageman factor activation. Thrombos. Diathes. haemorrh. 1970, 23, 386–404.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nordstoga, K.: Liquoid-induced arterial lesions and the Generalized Shwartzman Reaction. Acta vet. scand. 1977, 18, 515–521.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nordstoga, K.: Liquoid-induced stasis and the Generalized Shwartz-man Reaction. An electron microscopic study in blue foxes. Haemostas. 1979, 41, 804–810.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Owren, P. A.: Thrombotest : A new method for controlling anticoagulant therapy. Lancet 1959, 2, 754–758.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quick, A. J., J. G. Georgastos & C. V. Hussey: The clotting activity of human erythrocytes: Theoretical and clinical implications. Amer. J. med. Sci. 1954, 228, 207–213.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez-Erdmann, F., H-J. Kr ecke, H. G. Lasch & A. Bohle: Über die morphologischen und gerinnungsanalytischen Veränderungen nach Liquoid. Ein Beitrag zur Pathogenese des Sanarelli-Shwartzman-Phänomens. (On the morphological and coagulo-analytical changes after Liquoid. A contribution to the pathogenesis of the Sanarelli-Shwartzman phenomenon). Z. ges. exp. Med. 1960, 134, 109–130.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schiefer, B. & G. Searcy: Disseminated intravascular coagulation and consumption coagulopathy. Ganad, vet. J. 1975, 16, 151–159.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharp, A. A.: Diagnosis and management of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Brit. med. Bull. 1977, 33, 265–272.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Urizar, R. E., G. Sherer, A. Tartaglia, R. J. Pickering & W. J. Dodds: Disseminated intravascular coagulation induced by Liquoid in the rat. I. Gorrelation of hematologic and complement abnormalities with renal lesions studied by light, fluorescence and electron microscopy. Lab. invest. 1975, 32, 270–278.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zeldis, S. M., Y. Nemerson & F. A. Pitlick: Tissue factor (thromboplastin) : Localization to plasma membranes by peroxidase-conjugated antibodies. Science 1972, 175, 766–768.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Norwegian College of Veterinary Medicine, Oslo, Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Medical Department B and Institute for Surgical Research, National Hospital, P.O. Box 8146, Dep., Oslo 1, Oslo, Norway

    B. Lium, J. Dale & A. O. Aasen

Authors
  1. B. Lium
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. Dale
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. O. Aasen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lium, B., Dale, J. & Aasen, A.O. Liquoid-Induced Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in the Blue Fox. Acta Vet Scand 23, 570–580 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03546776

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03546776

Keywords

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica

ISSN: 1751-0147