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The Acute Phase Protein Serum Amyloid A (SAA) as an Inflammatory Marker in Equine Influenza Virus Infection

Akutfasproteinet serum amyloid A (SAA) som inflammationsmarkör vid infektion med hästinfluensavirus

Abstract

The acute phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA) has proven potentially useful as an inflammatory marker in the horse, but the knowledge of SAA responses in viral diseases is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate SAA as a marker for acute equine influenza A2 (H3N8) virus infection. This is a highly contagious, serious condition that inflicts suffering on affected horses and predisposes them to secondary bacterial infections and impaired performance. Seventy horses, suffering from equine influenza, as verified by clinical signs and seroconversion, were sampled in the acute (the first 48 h) and convalescent (days 11–22) stages of the disease, and SAA concentrations were determined. Clinical signs and rectal temperature were recorded. Secondary infections, that could have influenced SAA concentrations, were clinically suspected in 4 horses. SAA concentrations were higher in the acute stage than in the convalescent stage, and there was a statistically positive relationship between acute stage SAA concentrations and clinical signs and between acute stage SAA concentrations and maximal rectal temperature. Horses sampled early in the acute stage had lower SAA concentrations than those sampled later, indicating increasing concentrations during the first 48 h. There was a statistically positive relationship between convalescent SAA concentrations and degree of clinical signs during the disease process. The results of this investigation indicate that equine SAA responds to equine influenza infection by increasing in concentration during the first 48 h of clinical signs and returning to baseline within 11–22 days in uncomplicated cases.

Sammanfattning

Akutfasproteinet serum amyloid A (SAA) har visat sig vara potentiell användbart som inflammationsmarkör på häst, men kunskapen om SAA-svaret vid virusinfektioner är begränsad. Syftet med denna studie var att utvärdera SAA som markör för akut infektion med hästinfluensa A2 (H3N8) virus. Detta är en höggradigt smittsam, allvarlig sjukdom som utsätter drabbade hästar för lidande och predisponerar dem för sekundära bakteriella infektioner och nedsatt prestationsförmåga. Blodprov togs i akut- (de första 48 timmarna ) och konvalescensstadium (dag 11–22) på 70 hästar med hästinfluensainfektion och SAA-koncentrationen i proverna bestämdes. Infektionen verifierades med hjälp av kliniska symptom och serokonversion. Kliniska symptom och kroppstemperatur registrerades. Fyra hästar visade kliniska tecken på sekundärinfektioner, som kan ha påverkat SAA-koncentrationerna. SAA-koncentrationerna var högre i det akuta stadiet än i konvalescensstadiet och ett positivt samband kunde påvisas statistiskt mellan SAA i akutstadiet och kliniska symptom samt mellan SAA i akutstadiet och den maximala kroppstemperaturen. Hästar som provtogs tidigt i akutstadiet hade lägre SAA-koncentrationer än de hästar som provtogs senare i akutstadiet, vilket antyder art SAA ökade i koncentration under de första 48 timmarna. Ett positivt statistiskt samband påvisades också mellan SAA-koncentrationer i konvalescensstadiet och graden av kliniska symptom under sjukdomsprocessen. Resultaten av denna undersökning antyder att akut hästinfluensa ger upphov till stigande SAA-koncentrationer i serum under den kliniska sjukdomens första 48 timmar och att koncentrationerna åter är normala inom 11–22 dagar i okomplicerade fall.

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Hultén, C., Sandgren, B., Skiöldebrand, E. et al. The Acute Phase Protein Serum Amyloid A (SAA) as an Inflammatory Marker in Equine Influenza Virus Infection. Acta Vet Scand 40, 323–333 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03547012

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