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Elimination of Parathion in Cows After Oral and Dermal Administration

Elimination von Parathion bei Kühen nach peroraler und dermaler Applikation

Elimination af parathion hos køer efter peroral og dermal applikation

Summary

Incubation in vitro of rumen fluid, to which had been added 40 µg. parathion per milliliter resulted in a rapid reduction of the nitro-group of the parathion to an amino group. After 10 minutes of incubation 12–13 per cent was recovered as unconverted parathion, and after 20 minutes 5 per cent. The administered parathion was in part converted to aminoparathion and intermediates, while up to 25 per cent was recovered as conjugated p-aminophenol.

After oral administration to two Jersey cows of 1 mg. and 10 mg. parathion per kg. respectively, no signs of poisoning were observed and no inhibition of the blood Cholinesterase activity was detected. In the urine conjugated p-aminophenol constituted 97 per cent of the excreted metabolites and p-nitrophenol the remaining 3 per cent.

Neither parathion, nor the metabolites paraoxon, aminoparathion, aminoparaoxon, p-nitrophenol or p-aminophenol could be detected in the milk samples.

Dermal application of 1 mg. parathion per kilogram body weight caused inhibition of the Cholinesterase activity in the blood and development of mild poisoning. The deposit in the coat consisted exclusively of parathion and was measurable for up to 12 days. In the urine p-nitrophenol was found as the only metabolite. Neither parathion nor metabolites were detected in milk samples.

Zusammenfassung

Inkubierung von Pansensaft, dem 40 µg Parathion pro ml in vitro zugesetzt waren, bewirkte schnelle Reduktion der Nitrogruppe des Parathions zu einer Aminogruppe. Nach 10 Min. langer Inkubierung wurden 12–13 %, nach 20 Min. nur 5 % als unumgebildetes Parathion wiedergefunden. Ausser Aminoparathion und intermediären Reduktionsprodukten wurden bis zu 25 % der zugesetzten Menge an Parathion als gekoppeltes p-Aminophenol wiedergefunden.

Nach peroraler Verabfolgung von 1 mg/kg bzw. 10 mg/kg Parathion an zwei Jerseykühe wurden weder Vergiftungssymptome noch Herabsetzung der Cholinesteraseaktivität im Blutt wahrgenommen. Im Harn entfielen 97 % auf die ausgeschiedenen Metaboliten gekoppelten p-Aminophenols, der Rest auf p-Nitrophenol.

In Milchproben wurden weder Parathion, Paraoxon, Aminoparathion, Aminoparaoxon noch p-Nitrophenol oder p-Aminophenol nachgewiesen.

Dermale Applikation von 1 mg Parathion/kg verursachte Hemmung der Cholinesteraseaktivität im Blut und Entwicklung leichterer Vergiftungssymptome. Das Depot in der Haarschicht bestand ausschliesslich aus Parathion und liess sich bis zum 12. Tage nachweisen. Im Harn wurde p-Nitrophenol als alleiniger Metabolit festgestellt. In Milchproben fanden sich weder Parathion noch Metabolite.

Resumé

Inkubering af vomsaft tilsat 40 µg parathion pr. ml in vitro medførte hurtig reduktion af parathionets nitrogruppe til en aminogruppe. Efter 10 minutters inkubering genfandtes 12–13 %, efter 20 min. 5 %, som uomdannet parathion. Ud over aminoparathion samt intermediære reduktionsprodukter blev op til 25 % af den tilsatte mængde parathion genfundet som koblet p-aminofenol.

Efter peroral indgift af henholdsvis 1 mg./kg. og 10 mg./kg. parathion til to jerseykøer blev der ikke iagttaget forgiftningssymptomer eller nedsættelse af kolinesteraseaktiviteten i blodet. I urinen udgjordes 97 % af de udskilte metabolitter af koblet p-aminofenol, resten af p-nitrofenol.

I mælkeprøver påvistes hverken parathion, paraoxon, aminoparathion, aminoparaoxon, p-nitrofenol eller p-aminofenol.

Dermal applikation af 1 mg. parathion/kg. forårsagede hæmning af kolinesteraseaktiviteten i blodet samt udvikling af lettere forgiftningssymptomer. Depotet i hårlaget bestod udelukkende af parathion og kunne efterspores i indtil 12 dage. I urinen påvistes p-nitrofenol som eneste metabolit. I mælkeprøver påvistes ikke parathion eller metabolitter.

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Andersen, A.M., Karlog, O. Elimination of Parathion in Cows After Oral and Dermal Administration. Acta Vet Scand 4, 156–169 (1963). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03547180

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