Skip to main content
Download PDF
  • Published:

Detection of Antibodies Against Hog Cholera Virus and Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Porcine Serum

Pávisning af antistoffer mod svinepestvirus og bovin virus diarrhea virus i porcint serum

A Comparative Examination Using CF, PLA AND NPLA Assays

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica volume 22, pages 85–98 (1981)Cite this article

Abstract

The antibodies in serum samples from an outbreak of low-virulent hog cholera in Spielbach, West Germany, 1966, as well as serum samples from pigs inoculated with hog cholera (HG) virus and bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus, respectively, were examined by means of 3 different methods:

  1. 1.

    A modified direct complement fixation (GF) test,

  2. 2.

    A peroxidase-linked antibody (PLA) assay based on microplates with fixed, viral-antigen containing cells,

  3. 3.

    A neutralization assay carried out in microplates using the “chessboard” principle and read by means of the peroxidaselinked antibody (NPLA) assay.

A good correlation was found in their ability to detect the antibodies. Generally neutralizing antibodies could be found 2 weeks after inoculation. By CF and PLA antibodies could be detected at the same time or up to 2 weeks later. All sera were tested by the 3 methods against both HG viral antigen and BVD viral antigen. HC-antibodies could not be distinguished from BVD-antibodies by CF but to a certain degree by PLA. BVD-antibodies could to a certain degree be distinguished from HG-antibodies by CF but not by PLA. This means that CF and PLA together provide a good possibility for differentiation between the two types of antibodies. NPLA could to a high degree of reliability distinguish between HG-antibodies and BVD-antibodies.

Sammendrag

Til påvisning af antistofindhold i sera fra et udbrud af lavvirulent klassisk svinepest i Spielbach, Vesttyskland i 1966, samt i sera fra grise, podet med henholdsvis svinepest (SP) virus og bovin virus diarrhea (BVD) virus blev anvendt 3 forskellige metoder:

  1. 1.

    Modificeret direkte komplementbinding (GF)

  2. 2.

    Peroxidasemærket antistof i forbindelse med fixerede virusantigenholdige celler i mikroplader (PLA)

  3. 3.

    Neutralisationstitrering udført i mikroplader efter skakbrætsprincippet og aflæst ved hjælp af peroxidasemærket antistof (NPLA).

Der blev fundet god overensstemmelse i antistofpåvisningen ved de 3 metoder. Gennemgående kunne neutraliserende antistoffer påvises 2 uger efter podning, og samtidig hermed eller senest 2 uger derefter kunne antistoffer påvises ved CF og PLA. Samtlige sera blev undersøgt overfor både SP antigen og BVD antigen. SP antistoffer kunne ikke skelnes fra BVD antistoffer ved CF men med en vis sikkerhed ved hjælp af PLA. BVD antistoffer kunne med en vis sikkerhed skelnes fra SP antistoffer ved CF, men ikke ved PLA. Det vil sige, at såfremt både CF og PLA anvendes fås en mulighed for at skelne mellem SP og BVD antistoffer. NPLA kan med stor sikkerhed skelne imellem de 2 typer af antistoffer.

References

  • Avrameas, S. & T. Ternynck: Peroxidase labelled antibody and Fab conjugates with enhanced intracellular penetration. Immuno-chemistry 1971, 8, 1175–1179.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Booth, J. C., M. M. Rweyemamu & T. W. F. Pay: Dose-response relationships in a microneutralization test for foot-and-mouth disease viruses. J. Hyg. (Lond.) 1978, 80, 31–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eskildsen, M. & E. Overby: Serological diagnosis of classical swine fever. A comparison of a modified direct complement fixation test with an immunofluorescence plaque neutralization test in the diagnosis of experimental subclinical infection. Acta vet. scand. 1976, 17, 131–141.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eskildsen, M.: Use of a modified direct complement fixation test in the demonstration of antibodies against classical swine fever and bovine viral diarrhoea virus in swine serum. Agricultural Research Seminar on Hog Cholera/Classical Swine Fever and African Swine Fever, Commission of the European Communities, Publication no. Eur. 5904, 1977, pp. 333–337.

  • Graham, R. C., U. Lundholm & M. J. Karnovsky: Cytochemical demonstration of peroxidase activity with 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 1965, 13, 150–152.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harboe, N. & A. Ingild: Immunization, isolation of immunoglobulins, estimation of antibody titre. In H. N. Axelsen, J. Krøll and B. Weeke (eds.): A Manual of Quantitative Immunoelectrophoresis. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo 1973, pp. 161–164.

  • Korn, G. & W. Matthaeus: Zur Anwendung der HEIG-Methode und der Fokusneutralisation in der Immunofluoreszenz zum quantitativen und qualitativen Nachweis von Antikörpern nach Impfung mit Schweinepest-Kristallviolett-Vakzinen. (Quantitative and qualitative determination of humoral antibodies in swine by the HEIC-method and the Focus-Neutralization test following crystal-violet vaccination against Swine Fever). Zbl. Bakt., I. Abt. Orig. A 1971, 217, 133–140.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kärber, G.: Beitrag zur kollektiven Behandlung pharmakologischer Reihenversuche. (Contribution to the treatment of pharmacological data). Arch. exp. Path. Pharmakol. 1931, 162, 480–483.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liess, B. & D. Prager: Detection of neutralizing antibodies (NIF test). Use of new technical equipment (GGSG system) for laboratory swine fever diagnosis. Coordination of Agricultural Research. Diagnosis and Epizootiology of Classical Swine Fever. Commission of the European Communities, Publication no. 5486, 1976, pp. 187–197.

  • Mengeling, W. L., E. C. Pirtle & J. P. Torrey: Identification of Hog Cholera viral antigen by immunofluorescence. Application as a diagnostic and assay method. Canad. J. comp. Med. 1963, 27, 249–252.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Metzger, J. J. & M. Fougereau: Garacterisation de deux sous-classes d’immunaglobulines γ G chez le porc. (Characterization of two subclasses of γ G immunoglobulins in pigs). C.R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 1967, 265, 724–727.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ressang, A. A. & J. L. den Boer: The Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Technique as a method for detecting serum antibodies against Hog Cholera. Zbl. Vet.-Med. B. 1969, 16, 709–716.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saunders, G. C.: Development and evaluation of an enzyme-labeled antibody test for the rapid detection of Hog Cholera antibodies. Am. J. vet. Res. 1977, 38, 21–25.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Terpstra, C.: The use of immunoelectro-osmophoresis as a possible aid in the diagnosis of swine fever. Agricultural Research Seminar on Hog Cholera/Classical Swine Fever and African Swine Fever. Commission of the European Communities. Publication no. Eur. 5904, 1977 a, pp. 283–290.

  • Terpstra, C.: Summary and recommandations on session III i.e. Diagnosis including serological studies at the seminar in the EEC Programme of coordination of research on Swine Fever and a FAO/EEG expert’s consultation of the eradication of Classical and African Swine Fever. Agricultural Research Seminar on Hog Cholera/Classical Swine Fever and African Swine Fever. Commission of the European Communities. Publication no. 5904, 1977 b, pp. 717–719.

  • Witte, K. H.: An Immunofluorescence Neutralization Test in disposable plastic trays for demonstrating Classical Swine Fever virus antibodies. Zbl. Vet.-Med. B. 1979, 26, 551–560.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Veterinary Institute for Virus Research, Lindholm, Kalvehave, DK-4771, Denmark

    Merethe Holm Jensen

Authors
  1. Merethe Holm Jensen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Jensen, M.H. Detection of Antibodies Against Hog Cholera Virus and Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Porcine Serum. Acta Vet Scand 22, 85–98 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03547210

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03547210

Keywords

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica

ISSN: 1751-0147