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Toxicity of Halogenated Oxyquinolines in Dogs. a Clinical Study
Toxiciteten av halogenerade oxikinoliner hos hund. En klinisk Studie. V. Patolog-anatomiska förändringar
V. Pathological Findings
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica volume 15, pages 461–486 (1974)
Abstract
A description is given of the post-mortem findings in 21 cases of acute spontaneous oxyquinoline poisoning in dogs after administration of halogenated oxyquinoline drugs once or over a short period. The findings are in accordance with the results of necropsy of 7 cases of experimentally induced oxyquinoline poisoning. Biopsy specimens of the liver were taken in 18 dogs. The investigation reveals that spontaneous as well as experimental poisonings give rise to severe myocardial and liver injuries. The myocardial lesions consisted of focal necrosis with interstitial cellular reaction. The areas of necrosis were most frequent in the papillary muscles of the left ventricle. The liver-cell damage ranged from cloudy swelling to hydropic degeneration with depositions of lipids. In 3 experimental cases, in which rapid fixation methods were used, it was possible to evaluate the pathological lesions in the neurons of the brain and spinal cord. Degenerative neuronal changes with chromatolysis and vacuolation were observed, especially in the hippocampus and hypothalamus. It was presumed that the injuries and destruction of these structures had caused symptoms that were consistent with the clinical pictures of the dogs. The clinical symptoms and post-mortem changes were believed to be due to a toxic effect on the myocardium, liver, and central nervous system.
Sammanfattning
Författarna beskriver postmortala fynd hos 21 fall av akut spontan oxikinolinförgiftning hos hund efter behandling med läkemedel innehållande halogenerade oxikinolinderivat en gång eller under kort tid. Fynden överensstämmer med obduktionerna av 7 fall av experimentell oxikinolinförgiftning. Leverbiopsier har tagits i 18 fall. Föreliggande undersökning visar att en svår myokard- och leverskada utvecklas i såväl spontana som experimentella fall. Myokardskadorna bestod av fokala nekroser med cellreaktion i interstitiet. Nekroserna var vanligast förekommande i vänster kammares papillarmuskler. Levercellskadan varierade från albuminös degeneration till hydropisk degeneration med förfettning. I 3 experimentella fall, vilka snabbfixerades, förelåg patologiska förändringar i hjärnan och ryggmärgens neuroner. Degenerativa nervförändringar med kromatolys och vakuolisering sågs främst i hippocampus och hypothalamus. Skador i dessa strukturer kan förmodas ge upphov till symptom, vilka överensstämmer med hundarnas kliniska bild. Symptombilden och de postmortala fynden antas bero på en direkt toxisk effekt på myokardiet, levern och centrala nervsystemet.
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Supported by grants from the Swedish Medical Research Council.
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Lannek, B., Jönsson, L. Toxicity of Halogenated Oxyquinolines in Dogs. a Clinical Study. Acta Vet Scand 15, 461–486 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03547220
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03547220