Skip to main content
Download PDF
  • Published:

Detection of Chloramphenicol Residues in Pigs with Different Agar Diffusion Methods

Undersökning av kloramfenikolrester hos gris med olika agardiffusionsmetoder.

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica volume 25, pages 352–364 (1984)Cite this article

Abstract

Various tissues and body fluids of pigs given chloramphenicol intramuscularly at a dose level of 20 mg/kg 1.5, 2.5 and 18 h before slaughter were examined for drug residues with different agar diffusion methods. Zones of inhibition were observed in bile, kidney, muscle, serum and urine samples 1.5 h after drug administration. After 19 h, residues were found only in the urine. The treatment of the bile, kidney, serum and urine samples with β-glucuronidase lowered the detection threshold of the agar diffusion methods for chloramphenicol. In addition, β-glucuronidase can be used for the identification of chloramphenicol residues. Chloramphenicol yielded the greatest zones of inhibition in kidney medulla and especially in urine with and without β-glucuronidase. 18 h after drug administration residues were found with β-glucuronidase treatment only in these samples. Urine and kidney medulla proved the best samples in the residue analysis of chloramphenicol at meat inspection.

Sammanfattning

Olika vävnader och kroppsvåtskor hos gris, som hade givits kloramfenikol (20 mg/kg) intramuskulärt 1.5, 2.5 och 18 h före slakt, undersöktes med olika agardiffusionsmetoder för läkemedelsrester. Hämningszoner observerades i galla, njure, muskel samt serum prov 1.5 h efter administrationen. Rester kunde efter 18 h konstateras enbart från urinprov. Då gallan, njurarna, serumet och urinproven behandlades med β-glucuronidas, minskade den kloramfenikolnivå, som künde iakttagas med agardiffusionsmetoden. Dessutom kan β-glucuronidas användas för identification av kloramfenikolrester. Njurmedulla och speciellt urin gav de största hämningszonerna med och utan tilskott av β-glucuronidas. 18 h efter medicin administrationen kunde rester iaktagas enbart ur dessa prov behandlades med β-glucuronidas. Urin och njurmedulla befanns vara de bästa proven för analys av kloramfenikolrester vid köttbesiktning.

References

  • Carpenter, G.: Chloramphenicol eye-drops and marrow aplasia. Lancet 1975, 2, 326–327.

  • Craft, A. W., J. T. Brocklebank, E. N. Hey & R. H. Jackson: The “grey toddler” chloramphenicol toxicity. Archs. Dis. Childh. 1974, 49, 235–237.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dameshek, W.: Chloramphenicol — a new warning. J. Amer. med. Ass. 1960, 174, 1853–1854.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fabiansson, S., T. Nilsson & J. Bäckström: Tissue concentrations of chloramphenicol after intramuscular injection in pigs. J. Sci. Fd. Agric. 1976, 27, 1156–1162.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fabiansson, S., C. Kihlberg, Å. Rutegård & I. Anderson: Identifiering av kemoterapeutika i slaktkroppar. (Identification of antimicrobial drugs in slaughter animals. Svensk Vet.-Tidn. 1981, 33, 7–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gjone, E. & O. M. Orning: Jaundice due to chloramphenicol. Acta hepato-splenol. 1966, 13, 288–292.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glazko, A. J., L. M. Wolf, W. A. Dill & A. C. Bratton, Jr.: Biochemical studies on chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin). II. Tissue distribution and excretion studies. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther. 1949, 96, 445–459.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glazko, A. J., W. A. Dill & M. C. Rebstock: Biochemical studies on chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin). III. Isolation and identification of metabolic products in urine. J. biol. Chem. 1950, 183, 679–691.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gleckman, R. A.: Warning — chloramphenicol may be good for your health. Archs. intern. Med. 1975, 135, 1125–1126.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haapoja, A. & H. Korkeala: Antimicrobial residues in milk. Comparison of different agar diffusion methods. Acta vet. scand. 1984, 25, 250–259.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heinert, H. H., G. van der Wall & H. Brehmer: Lysozym — Ursache von unspezifischen Reaktionen im mikrobiologischen Hemmstofftest. (Lyzozyme — a cause of unspecific reaction in the microbiological assay for inhibitory substances). Arch. Lebensmittelhyg. 1976, 27, 55–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holt, R.: The bacterial degradation of chloramphenicol. Lancet 1967, 1, 1259-1260.

  • Kleint, W., I. Oetzel & I. Thümmel: Blutbildungsstörungen bei Chloramphenicolbehandlung im Kindesalter. (Disturbances in hematopoiesis in children treated with chloramphenicol). Pädiat. Grenzgeb. 1965, 4, 239–260.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Korkeala, H., R. Stabel-Taucher & T. J. Pekkanen: The problem of testing horse kidneys for the presence of antibiotics at meat inspection: How to avoid a false positive reaction. Nord. Vet.-Med. 1976, 28, 377–380.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Korkeala, H., O. Sorvettula, O. Mäki-Petäys & J. Hirn: Comparison of different agar diffusion methods for the detection of antimicrobial residues in slaughter animals. Acta vet. scand. 1982, 23, 407–415.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Korkeala, H., O. Sorvettula, O. Mäki-Petäys & J. Hirn: Comparison of different agar diffusion methods for the detection of residues in the kidneys of pigs treated with antimicrobial drugs. Meat Sci. 1983, 9, 291–304.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van der Lee, J. J., J. F. M. Nouws & F. W. R. Bloemendal: Physicochemical methods for pharmacokinetic and residue analysis of chloramphenicol and degradation product in dairy cows. J. vet. Pharmacol. Ther. 1982, 5, 161–175.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levine, P. H., W. Regelson & J. F. Holland: Chloramphenicol — associated encephalopathy. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 1970, 11, 194–199.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mustonen, S.: Survo 76 editor. Estimation of regression models. Research Report No. 29. Department of Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 1981.

  • Mustonen, S. & I. Mellin: Survo 76 program descriptions. 2nd Ed., Department of Statistics, University of Helsinki, Finland 1982.

  • Narang, A. P. S., D. V. Datta, N. Nath & V. S. Mathur: Pharmacokinetic study of chloramphenicol in patients with liver disease. Eur. J. clin. Pharmacol. 1981, 20, 479–483.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nouws, J. F. M. & G. Ziv: The effect of storage at 4°C on antibiotic residues in kidney and meat tissues of dairy cows. Tijdschr. Diergeneesk. 1976, 101, 1145–1153.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nouws, J. F. M. & G. Ziv: A study of chloramphenicol distribution and residues in dairy cows. Tijdschr. Diergeneesk. 1978, 103, 725–735.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pilloud, M.: Pharmacokinetics, plasma protein binding and dosage of chloramphenicol in cattle and horses. Res. Vet. Sci. 1973, 15, 231–238.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Püschner, J. & E. Baur: Ein Beitrag zum Nachweis von Hemmstoffen in Schweinenieren. (A survey on the detection of inhibitory substances in the kidneys of slaughtered pigs). Schlachten und Vermarkten 1975, 75, 337–339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hosenthal, R. L. & A. Blackman: Bone-marrow hypoplasia following use of chloramphenicol eye drops. J. Amer. med. Ass. 1965, 191, 136–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • von Schothorst, M.: Residue van antibiotica in slachtdieren. (Antibiotic residues in slaughter animals). Diss., Utrecht, Holland, 1969.

  • Sisodia, C. S., R. H. Dunlop, V. S. Gupta & L. Taksas: A pharmacologic study of chloramphenicol in cattle. Amer. J. vet. Res. 1973, 34, 1147–1151.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suhrland, L. G. & A. S. Weisberger: Chloramphenicol toxicity in liver and renal disease. Archs. intern. Med. 1963, 112, 747–754.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uesugi, T., M. Ikeda, Y. Kanel, R. Hori & T. Arita: Studies on the biliary excretion mechanisms of drugs. II. Biliary excretion of thiamphenicol, chloramphenicol and their glucuronides in the rat. Biochem. Pharmac. 1974, 23, 2315–2321.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, C. F., A. J. Glazko & J. K. Weston: Chloramphenicol in the newborn infant; a physiologic explanation of its toxicity when given in excessive doses. New Engl. J. Med. 1960, 262, 787–794.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WHO: Specifications for the identity and purity of food additives and their toxicological evaluation: Some antibiotics. Wld Hlth Org. tech. Rep. Ser. No. 430, Geneva, Switzerland 1969.

  • Yunis, A. A. & G. R. Bloomberg: Chloramphenicol toxicity: clinical features and pathogenesis. Prog. Hemat. 1964, 4, 138–159.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Hygiene, College of Veterinary Medicine, Helsinki, Finland

    Hannu Korkeala & Osmo Mäki-Petäys

Authors
  1. Hannu Korkeala
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Osmo Mäki-Petäys
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Korkeala, H., Mäki-Petäys, O. Detection of Chloramphenicol Residues in Pigs with Different Agar Diffusion Methods. Acta Vet Scand 25, 352–364 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03547250

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03547250

Keywords

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica

ISSN: 1751-0147