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Alveld-Producing Saponins
II. Toxicological Studies
Alveldproduserende saponiner II. Toksikologiske studier.
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica volume 25, pages 76–85 (1984)
Abstract
The phototoxic lamb disease alveld, prevalent in South-Western Norway, is caused by ingestion of Narthecium ossifragum. Earlier studies have shown that peroral administration of large amounts of crude saponins from this plant elicits the disease. Such saponins have now been purified further by 2 different methods (A and B). Two A type preparations resulted in alveld when fed to 2 lambs. The most highly purified preparation (type B) did not cause alveld in the 2 lambs tested. Lambs vary, however, in their susceptibility to the disease. Both types of preparations led to increases in serum aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin and 5′-nucleotidase in rats when injected intraperitoneally in amounts of 50 or 100 mg/kg body Weight. Cannulation of the bile duct showed that injected saponins reduced both the volume of bile and the amounts of bilirubin and bile acids excreted. Histological changes seen in the light microscope were, except for the most peripheral parts of the liver, hardly noticable. These observations support the view that saponins are the liver-toxic agents responsible for alveld. The possibility is discussed that the effect arises through a change in the lipid environment of carrier-mediated transport systems.
Sammendrag
Den fototoksiske lammesykdommen alveld, som forekommer særlig hyppig i Syd-Vest-Norge, skyldes inntak av Narthecium ossifragum. Tidligere studier har vist at peroral tilførsel av store mengder råsaponin fra denne planten fremkaller sykdommen. Slike saponiner er nå renset videre med to forskjellige metoder (A og B). To A-preparater resulterte i alveld da de ble gitt til to lam. De høyest rensede preparater (type B) forårsaket ikke alveld i de to lam som ble undersøkt. Lam varierer imidlertid i deres mottagelighet for sykdommen. Begge typer preparater førte til økning i serumkonsentrasjonene av aspartataminotransferase, bilirubin og 5′-nukleotidase når de ble injisert intraperitonealt i rotter i doser på 50 eller 100 mg/kg. Med gallefistel ble det vist at saponininjeksjon førte til reduksjon bade i gallevolum og i mengde bilirubin og gallesyrer utskilt. Lysmikroskopiske histologiske fo ran dringer kunne knapt pävises, bortsett fra i de mest perifere deler av leveren. Undersøkelsene st0tter det syn at saponiner er det levertoksiske agens som forårsaker alveld. Den mulighet diskuteres at effekten oppstår gjennom en forandring i lipidomgivelsene for visse membrantransportbserere.
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Abdelkader, S.V., Čeh, L., Dishington, I.W. et al. Alveld-Producing Saponins. Acta Vet Scand 25, 76–85 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03547281
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03547281