- Published:
Development of Immunity to Ostertagia ostertagi (Trichostrongylidae: Nematoda) in Pastured Young Cattle
Udvikling af immunitet overfor Ostertagia ostertagi (Trichostrongylidae: Nematoda) hos græssende ungkvæg
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica volume 33, pages 305–316 (1992)
Abstract
This experiment comprised 3 groups of calves, (+P2), (−P2) and (−P1), which all started their first grazing season as parasite-free calves. The (+P2)- and (−P2)-group grazed 2 seasons. In the first season the (−P2)-group of calves was grazing a pasture with no detectable trichostrongyles and treated with anthelmintics every second week. The untreated (+P2)-group grazed an Ostertagia ostertagi contaminated pasture. During the second grazing season these 2 original groups grazed together with a new group of first-year grazing calves (−P1) on paddocks infected with O.ostertagi.
Parasitological analyses showed that (+P2)-group had negligible egg excretions in the second year in comparison with (−P2) and (−P1). This indicated, that the egg output may be regulated through acquired immunity. The difference in egg excretions was not reflected in the serum pepsinogen levels, which were only slightly elevated for all groups in the second year. Post mortem examination at the end of the experiment showed that only the (−P1)-group harboured relatively high numbers of worms in the abomasa at that time.
Antibodies of 3 immunoglobulin classes were investigated: IgA, IgG1 and IgG2. The IgA and IgGl responses correlated with the presence of developing and adult worms in the abomasa and they remained elevated in the (+P2)-group throughout the experiment, perhaps indicating an involvement of these antibodies in a protective immune response. In the (−P2)-group the IgA and IgG1 showed fast and sharp rises during the second season that most likely were age-related and as such a result of maturation of the immune system. The role of IgG2 is unclear as the IgG2 response was weak in all groups of calves and difficult to relate to the parasitological data.
Sammendrag
Dette forsøg omfattede 3 grupper af kalve, (+P2), (-P2) og (-P1), som alle startede deres første græsningssæson som parasitfri dyr. (+P2)- og (-P2)-gruppen græssede i to sæsoner. I den første sæson græssede (-P2)-gruppen på en mark uden påviselige trichostrongylider ved forsøgets start og dyrene blev behandlet med ormemiddel hver anden uge. Den ubehandlede (+P2)-gruppe græssede på en Ostertagia ostertagi inficeret mark. I den anden græsningssæson græssede disse to oprindelige grupper sammen med en ny gruppe af første-års græssende kalve (-P1) på marker inficerede med O. ostertagi.
Parasitologiske analyser viste, at (+P2)-gruppen kun havde en ubetydelig æg-udskillelse i den anden sæson, sammenlignet med grupperne (-P2) og (-PI). Dette forhold peger på at æg-produktionen kunne være reguleret via erhvervet immunitet. Forskellen i æg-udskillelsen afspejlede sig ikke i serum pepsinogen niiveauerne, som kun var lidt forhøjede for alle grupper i den anden sæson. Post mortern undersøgelser ved forsøgets afslutning viste, at kun (-Pl)-gruppen havde en relativ høj ormebyrde i løben på denne tidspunkt.
Antistoffer fra 3 immunoglobulin klasser blev målt: IgA, IgG1 og IgG2. IgA og IgG1 niveauerne korrelerede med tilstedeværelsen af udviklende stadier og voksne orm i løben og niveauerne forblev forhøjede i (+P2)-gruppen igennem hele eksperimentet, hvilket kunne tyde på, at disse Immunglobulin klasser er involveretet i et beskyttende immunsvar. I den anden sæson viste IgA og IgG1 hurtige og stejle stigninger i (-P2)-gruppen, hvilket sandsynligvis var alders-relateret og som sådan et resultat af immunsystemets modning. IgG2’s rolle er uklar, idet IgG2-svaret var svagt i alle grupper af kalve og vanskeligt at relatere til de parasitologiske resultater.
References
Armour J: Ostertagia ostertagi infections in the bovine: Field and experimental studies. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Glasgow, Scotland. 1967.
Armour J: Immunity to gastro-intestinal nematodes, with particular reference to cattle. In Practice. A Merck Sharp & Dohme Technical Publication. 1970, no. 6.
Armour J: The influence of host immunity on the epidemiology of trichostrongyle infections in cattle. Vet. Parasit. 1989, 32, 5–19.
Armour J, Bairden K, Ryan WG: Immunity of ivermectin treated cattle to challenge from helminth parasites in the following season. Vet. Rec. 1988, 122, 223–225.
Armour J, Ogbourne CP: Bovine Ostertagiasis: A review and annotated bibliography. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, England. 1982, 93 pp.
Baily WS, Herlich H: An epizootic of gastroenteritis in mature cattle. Auburn Veterinarian. 1953, 9, 105–110.
Canals A, Gasbarre LC: Procedure for the recovery of excretory-secretory products from moulting fourth-stage larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi. Proc. Helminth. Soc. of Washington. 1989, 56, 201–203.
Canals A, Gas barre LC: Ostertagia ostertagi: Isolation and partial characterization of somatic and metabolic antigens. Int. J. Parasit. 1990, 20, 1047–1054.
Gaines PA: An improved T-table for simultaneous control on g contrasts. J. Amer. stat. Assoc. 1977, 72, 531–534.
Gasbarre LC: Immunity to Ostertagia ostertagi: Humoral and cellular immune responses associated with regulation of parasite numbers and fecundity. Vet. Parasit, (submitted).
Gasbarre LC, Canals A: Induction of protective immunity in calves immunized with adult Oesophagostomum radiatum somatic antigens. Vet. Parasit. 1989, 34, 223–238.
Gronvold J, Henriksen SA, Nansen P, Wolstrup J, Thylin J: Attempts to control infection with Ostertagia ostertagi (Trichostrongylidae) in grazing calves by adding mycelium of the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora (Hyphomycetales) to cow pats. J. Helminth. 1989, 63, 115–126.
Henriksen SvAa, Aagaard K: En enkel flotationsog McMastermetode. (A simple flotation and McMaster method). Nord. Vet.-Med. 1976, 28, 392–397.
Herlich H: Age resistance of cattle to nematodes of the gastrointestinal tract. J. Parasit. 1960, 46, 392–397.
Herlich H: Ostertagia ostertagi infection and reinfection in cattle of different ages. Amer. J. vet. Res. 1980, 41, 259-261.
Jørgensen RJ: In vitro migration of Dictyocaulus viviparus larvae: Migration of the infective stage in agar gel. Int. J. Parasit. 1975, 5, 199–202.
Klesius PH: Immunity to Ostertagia ostertagi. Vet. Parasitol. 1988, 27, 159–167.
Michel JF, Lancaster MB, Hong C: Ostertagia ostertagi: Protective immunity in calves. Exp. Parasit. 1973, 33, 179–186.
Michel JF, Lancaster MB, Hong C: The effect of age, acquired resistance, pregnancy and lactation on some reactions of cattle to infection with Ostertagia ostertagi. Parasit. 1979, 79, 157–168.
Mwegoha WM, Jørgensen RJ: Recovery of infective 3rd stage larvae of Haemonchus contortus and Ostertagia ostertagi by migration in agar gel. Acta vet. scand. 1977, 18, 293–299.
Nansen P, Steffan P, Monrad J, Gronvold J, Henriksen S Aa: Effects of separate and mixed grazing on trichostrongylosis in first- and second-season grazing calves. Vet. Parasit. 1990, 36, 265–276.
Ploeger HW: Effect of nematode infections on productivity of young and adult cattle on commercial dairy farms. Ph.D. Thesis. Agricultural University of Wageningen. The Netherlands. 1989.
Ross JG; Purcell DA; Dow C, Todd JR: Experimental infections of calves with Trichonstrongylus axei; the course and development of infection and lesions in low level infections. Res. vet. Sci. 1967, 8, 201–206.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Grønvold, J., Nansen, P., Gasbarre, L.C. et al. Development of Immunity to Ostertagia ostertagi (Trichostrongylidae: Nematoda) in Pastured Young Cattle. Acta Vet Scand 33, 305–316 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03547296
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03547296