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Development of Immunity to Ostertagia ostertagi (Trichostrongylidae: Nematoda) in Pastured Young Cattle

Udvikling af immunitet overfor Ostertagia ostertagi (Trichostrongylidae: Nematoda) hos græssende ungkvæg

Abstract

This experiment comprised 3 groups of calves, (+P2), (−P2) and (−P1), which all started their first grazing season as parasite-free calves. The (+P2)- and (−P2)-group grazed 2 seasons. In the first season the (−P2)-group of calves was grazing a pasture with no detectable trichostrongyles and treated with anthelmintics every second week. The untreated (+P2)-group grazed an Ostertagia ostertagi contaminated pasture. During the second grazing season these 2 original groups grazed together with a new group of first-year grazing calves (−P1) on paddocks infected with O.ostertagi.

Parasitological analyses showed that (+P2)-group had negligible egg excretions in the second year in comparison with (−P2) and (−P1). This indicated, that the egg output may be regulated through acquired immunity. The difference in egg excretions was not reflected in the serum pepsinogen levels, which were only slightly elevated for all groups in the second year. Post mortem examination at the end of the experiment showed that only the (−P1)-group harboured relatively high numbers of worms in the abomasa at that time.

Antibodies of 3 immunoglobulin classes were investigated: IgA, IgG1 and IgG2. The IgA and IgGl responses correlated with the presence of developing and adult worms in the abomasa and they remained elevated in the (+P2)-group throughout the experiment, perhaps indicating an involvement of these antibodies in a protective immune response. In the (−P2)-group the IgA and IgG1 showed fast and sharp rises during the second season that most likely were age-related and as such a result of maturation of the immune system. The role of IgG2 is unclear as the IgG2 response was weak in all groups of calves and difficult to relate to the parasitological data.

Sammendrag

Dette forsøg omfattede 3 grupper af kalve, (+P2), (-P2) og (-P1), som alle startede deres første græsningssæson som parasitfri dyr. (+P2)- og (-P2)-gruppen græssede i to sæsoner. I den første sæson græssede (-P2)-gruppen på en mark uden påviselige trichostrongylider ved forsøgets start og dyrene blev behandlet med ormemiddel hver anden uge. Den ubehandlede (+P2)-gruppe græssede på en Ostertagia ostertagi inficeret mark. I den anden græsningssæson græssede disse to oprindelige grupper sammen med en ny gruppe af første-års græssende kalve (-P1) på marker inficerede med O. ostertagi.

Parasitologiske analyser viste, at (+P2)-gruppen kun havde en ubetydelig æg-udskillelse i den anden sæson, sammenlignet med grupperne (-P2) og (-PI). Dette forhold peger på at æg-produktionen kunne være reguleret via erhvervet immunitet. Forskellen i æg-udskillelsen afspejlede sig ikke i serum pepsinogen niiveauerne, som kun var lidt forhøjede for alle grupper i den anden sæson. Post mortern undersøgelser ved forsøgets afslutning viste, at kun (-Pl)-gruppen havde en relativ høj ormebyrde i løben på denne tidspunkt.

Antistoffer fra 3 immunoglobulin klasser blev målt: IgA, IgG1 og IgG2. IgA og IgG1 niveauerne korrelerede med tilstedeværelsen af udviklende stadier og voksne orm i løben og niveauerne forblev forhøjede i (+P2)-gruppen igennem hele eksperimentet, hvilket kunne tyde på, at disse Immunglobulin klasser er involveretet i et beskyttende immunsvar. I den anden sæson viste IgA og IgG1 hurtige og stejle stigninger i (-P2)-gruppen, hvilket sandsynligvis var alders-relateret og som sådan et resultat af immunsystemets modning. IgG2’s rolle er uklar, idet IgG2-svaret var svagt i alle grupper af kalve og vanskeligt at relatere til de parasitologiske resultater.

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Grønvold, J., Nansen, P., Gasbarre, L.C. et al. Development of Immunity to Ostertagia ostertagi (Trichostrongylidae: Nematoda) in Pastured Young Cattle. Acta Vet Scand 33, 305–316 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03547296

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