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The Effects of Clostridium Botulinum Toxin Type Cβ Given Orally to Goats

Virkninger av Clostridium botulinum toxin type Cβ gitt pr. os til geit

Abstract

Feeding experiments with Clostridium botulinum toxin type Cβ were carried out using 11 goats. The toxin, which originated partly from the liver of a cat carcass and partly from broth inoculated with Cl. botulinum type Cβ isolated from the cat liver, was given to the goats through a rubber stomach-tube. Symptoms of botulism usually occurred on the second or third day after the challenge. Death was caused by doses of toxin as small as 0.5 MMLD (minimum mouse lethal dose) per g body weight of goat, and 1 MMLD per g was considered to be lethal for goats when they are fed hay and concentrated fodder. When the animals were grazing or received ensilage they seemed to tolerate somewhat higher doses. A cumulative effect was shown to take place when the doses of toxin were given in the course of 8 days. A sensitizing effect of many small doses could not be demonstrated. On the contrary, animals which had received several small doses of toxin later on tolerated doses which caused death in inexperienced animals. One of these animals tolerated a dose approx. 3 times higher than a dose usually causing death. Serum from such goats, however, did not give demonstrable protection in mice challenged to botulinum toxin type Cβ. Toxin could not be demonstrated in samples of serum from goats showing symptoms of botulism. In 2 of 9 animals toxin could be demonstrated in samples from the liver, but only after the liver had remained in the carcass for approx. 20 hrs. after death.

Sammendrag

Elleve geiter ble brukt til forsøk med Clostridium botulinumtoksin type Cβ. Toksinet, som stammet delvis fra leveren i et katte-kadaver og delvis fra buljong inokulert med Cl. botulinum type Cβ isolert fra samme lever, ble gitt med magesonde. Symptomer på botulisme opptrådte vanligvis etter 2–3 dager. Så små doser som 0,5 MMLD (minimum muselethaldose) pr. gram kroppsvekt geit kunne gi dødelig utgang, og 1 MMLD pr. gram ble ansett å være dødelig for geit som ble fóret på høy og kraftfór. Hvis dyrene gikk på beite eller fikk silofór, syntes de å kunne tåle noe høyere doser. En kumulerende effekt viste seg å finne sted når toksindosene ble gitt innen et tidsrom av 8 dager. En sensibiliserende effekt av mange små doser kunne ikke påvises. Det viste seg tvert i mot at dyr som hadde fått mange små doser, senere kunne tolerere toksindoser som var dødelig for andre geiter. En av disse geitene tålte en dose som var ca. 3 ganger høyere enn en dose som vanligvis var dødelig. Serum fra slike geiter ga imidlertid ingen påvisbar beskyttelse hos mus som senere ble sprøytet med botulinumtoksin type Cβ. Toksin kunne ikke påvises i serum fra geiter som viste symptomer på botulisme. Hos 2 av 9 geiter kunne toksin påvises i leveren, men bare etter at leveren hadde ligget in situ i ca. 20 timer etter døden.

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Fjølstad, M. The Effects of Clostridium Botulinum Toxin Type Cβ Given Orally to Goats. Acta Vet Scand 14, 69–80 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03547411

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