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Ultrastructural Studies of Paratuberculosis (Johne’s Disease) in Goats

Ultrastrukturella studier av paratuberkulos (Johne’s sjukdom) hos get

Abstract

Biopsy material of the ileum and corresponding mesenteric lymph nodes from 10 naturally infected goats was studied. In ileum a loss of epithelial cells and infiltration of epitheloid cells, macrophages and a low number of lymphocytes, plasma cells and occasional eosinophils were seen. Ultrastructurally, the epithelial cells showed degenerative changes. Epitheloid cells were characterized by a large nucleus and a wide cytoplasm rich in free ribosomes.

Macrophages had been fixed in the process of engulfing bacteria or contained bacteria in phagosomes and phagolysosomes. Large phagolysosomes were common. In macrophages with many or large phagolysosomes, few or no lysosomes were observed. Degenerative changes were seen in macrophages containing many bacteria. Degenerative changes of capillary endothelium were observed. The intercellular spaces were distended by oedema and contained cell debris.

The mesenteric lymph nodes were infiltrated with epitheloid cells and macrophages. The ultrastructural picture of these cells was almost identical to that of the ileum.

The differences between the changes found in naturally infected and experimentally infected animals are discussed. It is concluded that the mode of infection, the number of bacteria to which the animal is exposed and the intervals between events of exposure may play a role.

Sammanfattning

Biopsier från ileum och korresp on derande mesenteriallymfknutor uttagna från 10 naturligt infekterade getter har studerats. I ileum forelåg förlust av epitelceller och infiltration av epiteloida celler, makrofager, ett mindre antal lymfocyter, plasmaceller och enstaka eosinofiler. Ultrastruktureilt uppvisade epitelcellerna degenerativa förändringar. Epiteloida celler karakteriserades av en stor kärna och en voluminös cytoplasma rik på fria ribosomer.

Makrofagerna upptog bakterier och bakterier forelåg intracellulart i fagosomer och fagolysosomer. Bildandet av stora fagolysosomer var ett vanligt fynd. I makrofager med många eller stora fagolysosomer forelåg få eller inga lysosomer. Degenerativa förändringar var påtagliga i makrofager innehållande rikligt med bakterier. Degenerativa förändringar i kapillärendotel iakttogs. Intercellularrummen var dilaterade av ödem innehållande celldebris. I lamina propria forelåg i intercellularrummen även kollagena fibrer.

Histologiskt uppvisade mesenteriallymfknutorna infiltrat av epiteloida celler och makrofager. Ultrastrukturen hos dessa celler var nästan identisk med de som förekom i ileum.

De skillnader som föreligger mellan bilden av naturligt och experimentellt infekterade djur diskuteras. Resultaten av undersökningen pekar på att infektionssätt, antal bakterier djuret exponeras för och intervaller mellan infektionstillfällen torde vara av betydelse.

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Paliwal, O.P., Rehbinder, C. Ultrastructural Studies of Paratuberculosis (Johne’s Disease) in Goats. Acta Vet Scand 22, 180–188 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03547507

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