- Published:
Studies on Ionized Calcium in Serum and Plasma from Normal Cows. Its Relation to Total Serum Calcium and the Effects of Sample Storing
Studier över joniserat calcium i serum och plasma frdn normala kor och dess relation till serumcalcium och effekten av lagring av proven
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica volume 19, pages 487–496 (1978)
Abstract
Ionized calcium has been determined with a new improved instrument on serum samples from 111 Swedish red-and-white cows. Simultaneous sampling of plasma and serum was performed in 32 cows for comparison of the ionized calcium level. Multiple sampling of plasma and serum from seven cows was performed to evaluate the effect of storage at 4°C and room temperature.
The normal range for ionized calcium found in this study implies that the ionized calcium fraction comprises for 43.4 ± 3.0 % (mean ± 2 s) of the total serum calcium. Simultaneous analyses on plasma and serum revealed that the plasma level of ionized calcium was generally 0.ι05 mιmol/1 lower than the serum value. pH changes in stored blood samples have a direct effect on the ionized calcium levels and is therefore to be avoided. Storing samples in vacutainers for five days at 4°C or for two days at room temperature was accompanied by only small decreases of serum or plasma ionized calcium.
The new instrument used in this study enables rapid analyses, and most of earlier drawbacks with calcium-ion-selective analyzers have been eliminated.
Sammendrag
Hos 111 SRB kor bestämdes fritt calcium i serum med en ny förblittrad calcium-jon-selektiv elektrod (Orion Model SS-2u). Hos 32 av dessa togs prov för samtidi·g plasma- och serumbestämning av fritt calcium. Hos 7 av djuren utvärderades effekten av Ja.gring av plasma och serum i såväl 4 °C som i rumstemperatur.
Referensområdet för joniserat calcium definierat i denna studie stämde väl överens med i litteraturen tidigaire angivna data. Joniserat calcium visade sig omfatta 43,4 ± 3,0 % (± 2 s) av total calcium. Analys av joniserat calcium i plasma och serum visade 0,05 mmol/l lägre värden i plasma än i serum. pH-förändringar i lagrat prov har en direkt effekt på joniserat calcium och bör därför undvikas. Vi fann det möjligt att lagra prover under åtminstone 5 dagar vid 4. °C eller under åtminstone 2 dagar i rumstemperatur utan medföljande påtagliga förändringar av haiten joniserat calcium.
Vi fann att det här använda instrumentet gav klart bättre möjlighet till snabba och mer tillförlitliga analyser utan de stora metodologiska svårigheter som varit förenade med tidigare använda metoder.
References
Belonje, P. C.: Serum ionized calcium in the sheep: Relation to total plasma calcium, blood pH, total plasma proteins and plasma magnesium. J. S. Afr. vet. med. Ass. 1973, 44, 375–378.
Belonje, P. C.: Normal values for ionized calcium in the plasma of normal lactating ewes and suckling lambs: Relation to plasma total calcium, inorganic phosphate, magnesium and total proteins. S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci. 1976, 6, 7–10.
Doumas, B. T., H. G. Watson & H. Briggs: Albumin standards and the measurement of serum albumin with Bromcresol green. Clin, chim. Acta 1971, 31, 87–96.
Eisenman, G., D. O. Rudin & J. U. Casby: Glass electrode for measuring sodium ion. Science 1957, 126, 831–834.
Fanconi, A. & G. A. Rose: The ionized, complexed, and protein-bound fractions of calcium in plasma. Quart. J. Med. 1958, 27, 463–494.
Fuchs, C., D. Dorn, C. McIntosh, F. Scheier & B. Kraft: Comparative calcium ion determinations in plasma and whole blood with a new calcium ion analyzer. Clin. chim. Acta 1976, 67, 99–102.
Fuchs, C., C. McIntosh & H. D. Schwarz: New techniques for ion- selective measurements of Ca2+ in serum after pH adjustment of aerobically handled sera. Clin. Chem. 1977, 23, 610–611.
Hattner, R. S., J. W. Johnson, D. S. Bernstein, A. Wachman & J. Brackman: Electrochemical determination of apparent ionized serum calcium using a calcium-selective electrode: The method and values in normal humans and a comparison to total serum calcium. Clin. chim. Acta 1970, 28, 67–75.
Hewett, C.: On the cause and effects of variations in the blood profile of Swedish dairy cattle. Acta vet. scand. 1974, 15, Suppl. 50, 1–152.
Husdan, IL, M. Leung, D. Oreopoulos & A. Rapoport: Measurement of serum and plasma ionic calcium with the “Space-Stat 20 Ionized Calcium Analyzer”. Clin. Chem. 1977, 23, 1775–1777.
Karlstrom, G.: Studies on parturient paresis in dairy cows. II. Determination of calcium ions in bovine serum. Acta agric. scand. 1955, 4, 357–374.
Ladenson, J. H. & G. N. Bowers: Free calcium in serum. Rigor of homeostatic control, correlation with total calcium and a review of data on patients with disturbed calcium metabolism. Clin. Chem. 1973, 19, 575–582.
Larsson, L. & S. Bhman: Evaluation of the “Space Stat 20 Ionized Calcium Analyser”. Clin. Chem. 1978, 24, 731–732.
Li, T. K. & J. T. Piechocki: Determination of serum ionic calcium with an ion-selective electrode: Evaluation of methodology and normal values. Clin. Chem. 1971, 17, 411–416.
Lindgarde, F. & O. Zettervall: Serum ionized calcium in a normal population studied with a calcium ion-sensitive electrode. Israel J. med. Sci. 1971, 7, 510–512.
Luthman, J. & J. Persson: Simple methods for determination of total and ultrafiltrable calcium and magnesium in serum. Acta vet. scand. 1975, 16, 315–317.
MacIntyre, I. & C. J. Robinson: Magnesium and the gut: Experimental and clinical observations. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1969, 162, 865–873.
McLean, F. C. & A. B. Hastings: A biological method for the estimation of calcium ion concentration. J. biol. Chem. 1934, 107, 337–343.
Moore, E. W.: Studies with ion-exchange calcium electrodes in biological fluids: Some applications in biomedical research and clinical medicine. In Durst R. A. (ed.): Ion-Selective Electrodes. Nat. Bur. Stand. Spec. Publ. 314, US Governm. Print. Off., Washington D.G. 1969, p. 215.
Moore, E. W.: Ionized calcium in normal serum, ultrafiltrates, and whole blood determined by ion-exchange electrodes. J. clin. Invest. 1970, 49, 318–334.
Orreli, D. H.: Albumin as an aid to the interprepation of serum cal- calcium. Clin. chim. Acta 1971, 35, 483–489.
Pedersen, K. O.: Determination of calcium fractions of serum. III. Ionized calcium in ultrafiltrates of normal and examination of pertinent variables. Scand. J. clin. Lab. Invest 1970, 25, 223–230.
Rose, G. A.: Determination of the ionized and ultrafiltrable calcium of normal human plasma. Glin. chim. Acta 1957, 2, 227–236.
Rose, G. A.: A simple and rapid method for measurement of plasma, ultrafiltrable and ionized calcium. Clin. chim. Acta 1972, 37, 343–349.
Ross, J. W.: Calcium-selective electrode with liquid ion exchanger. Science 1967, 156, 1378–1379.
Sachs, Ch., A.-M. Bourdeau & S. Batson: Determination of serum ionized calcium with an ion selective electrode. Ann. Biol. clin. 1969, 27, 487–510.
Sachs, Ch., A.-M. Bourdeau & V. Presle: Ionized calcium measurement in whole blood: A new application of the calcium selective liquid membrane electrode. Rev. Eur. Etud. clin. biol. 1971, 16, 831–837.
Schwartz, H. D., B. C. McConville & E. F. Christophersen: Serum ionized calcium by specific ion electrode. Clin. chim. Acta 1971, 31, 97–107.
Snedecor, G. TV. & IV. G. Cochran: Statistical Methods. Chapters 6 and 7. University Press, Iowa State 1967, p. 134 and {p. 172}.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kυart, C., Larsson, L. Studies on Ionized Calcium in Serum and Plasma from Normal Cows. Its Relation to Total Serum Calcium and the Effects of Sample Storing. Acta Vet Scand 19, 487–496 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03547588
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03547588